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Money demand instability and the performance of the monetary model of exchange rates

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1994
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Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales. Instituto Complutense de Análisis Económico (ICAE)
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The paper tesis the ability of the monetary approach to explain the long-ron behavior of the exchange fale in the G-7 bilateral relationships during the floating period. I use Johansen's (1988,1991) approach to test fot fue existence of a cointegraling relationsbip between the exchange rate, the money supply and real output. Consistent with previons results I find little evidence in support of the monetary model in the full sample (1973-1991). Further analysis reveals that one of the principal building blocks of the monetary model, the money demand equation, exhibited a significant degree of instability during the period. I use the tesis proposed by Hansen (1992) to test for parameter stability in the money demand equation and to estimate potential break points. The estimated break points are then used to define stable subsamples ror each bilateral relationship. The subsample cointegration results provide strong support for the monetary approach in most non US bilateral models, indicating that the exchange rate responds with a lag, primarily to monetary shocks, and that long-run exchange rate homogeneity cannot be rejected in most instances. In addition, I compare the predictive performance of the error correction model agaist the predictions of a random walk model. In four of me six bilateral models for which the forecasting comparison can be undertaken the error correction model produces more aceurate one-quarter-ahead forecasts.
Este trabajo estudia la capacidad del enfoque monetarlo para explicar el comportamiento a largo de los tipos de cambio bilaterales entre los G-7 durante el periodo de lipos flexibles. Utilizo el método de Johansen (1988,1991) para verificar la existencia de una relación de cointegración entre el tipo de cambio, la oferta monetaria y la producción real, Al igual que en trabajos anteriores encuentro muy poco apoyo para el modelo monetario en la muestra total (1913-1991), Un análisis más profundo revela que uno de los componentes principales del modelo, la ecuación de demanda de dinero, presenta un alto grado de inestabilidad durante el periodo. Utilizo los tests propuestos por Hansen (1992) para contrastar la estabilidad de los coeficientes de la ecuación de demanda de dinero y para estimar puntos de corte potenciales. Los puntos de corte estimados son utilizados para definir submuestras más estables en cada relación bilateral. El análisis de cointegración en las submuestras es consistente con el modelo monetario en la mayoría de las relaciones bilaterales que no incluyen al Dolar, Indicando que el tipo de cambio responde con retraso a shocks eminentemente monetarios, y que la homogeneidad nominal a largo plazo del tipo de cambio no puede ser rechazada en muchos casos. Además, comparo la capacidad predictiva del modelo de error de corrección con las de un modelo de camino aleatorio. En cuatro de los seis modelos bilaterales en los que es posible hacer tal comparación, el modelo de error de corrección produce predicciones a un trimestre más precisas.
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