Publication: Devoluciones ilegales en la frontera sur: análisis jurídico de las denominadas "devoluciones en caliente"
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2015
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Abstract
“Devoluciones en caliente” es la denominación con que se conoce la actuación de las Fuerzas y Cuerpos de Seguridad del Estado consistente en la entrega a las autoridades marroquís por vía de hecho de ciudadanos extranjeros que han sido interceptados por dichos Cuerpos y Fuerzas de Seguridad del Estado en zona de soberanía española sin seguir el procedimiento establecido legalmente ni cumplir las garantías internacionalmente reconocidas. Imágenes, testigos y números material probatorio acreditan la ejecución de estas prácticas en las ciudades de Ceuta y Melilla así como en los pequeños islotes de soberanía española. El objetivo de este informe es poner de manifiesto que las “expulsiones en caliente” vulneran la legislación de extranjería (II) y que también carecen de base jurídica los intentos de justificación del Ministerio del Interior basados en un concepto “operativo” de frontera (IV), en el acceso clandestino por puesto no habilitado (V) y en el Acuerdo entre España y Marruecos relativo a la circulación de personas, el tránsito y la readmisión de extranjeros entrados ilegalmente (VI). Igualmente se exponen las razones por las que no puede prosperar el intento de dar cobertura legal a las “devoluciones en caliente” a través de la reforma en curso de la Ley de Extranjería, reforma contraria a la Constitución española, así como al ordenamiento europeo y al derecho internacional de los derechos humanos (VII). El informe finaliza con unas reflexiones sobre las posibles responsabilidades penales ordenan, ejecutan o consienten estas prácticas (VIII).
“Hot returns” is the term coined popularly to the action carried out by the law enforcement authorities and consists of handing the foreign citizens who have been intercepted by those authorities in the area under Spanish sovereignty over to the Moroccan authorities on a de facto basis without carrying out the legally established procedures or meeting the internationally acknowledged guarantees. Images, witnesses and other numerous sources with evidential value accredit such practices in the cities of Ceuta” and Melilla and the small islands under Spanish sovereignty. This report is aimed at (I) establishing that “hot returns” breach the immigration legislation (II) and the lack of a legal basis of the Spanish Ministry of the Interior’s attempts to justify the “hot returns” based on the concept of an “operational” border (IV), the irregular entry through unauthorised border posts (V) and the agreement between Spain and Morocco regarding the circulation of people, transit and readmission of foreigners who enter illegally (VI). Likewise, this report sets out the reasons why the current reform of the immigration legislation to provide legal coverage to these types of practices would contravene EU regulations and international human rights law, which would expressly discredit them (VII). This report ends with reflections about the criminal implications for those who order, execute or allow “hot returns” (VIII)
“Hot returns” is the term coined popularly to the action carried out by the law enforcement authorities and consists of handing the foreign citizens who have been intercepted by those authorities in the area under Spanish sovereignty over to the Moroccan authorities on a de facto basis without carrying out the legally established procedures or meeting the internationally acknowledged guarantees. Images, witnesses and other numerous sources with evidential value accredit such practices in the cities of Ceuta” and Melilla and the small islands under Spanish sovereignty. This report is aimed at (I) establishing that “hot returns” breach the immigration legislation (II) and the lack of a legal basis of the Spanish Ministry of the Interior’s attempts to justify the “hot returns” based on the concept of an “operational” border (IV), the irregular entry through unauthorised border posts (V) and the agreement between Spain and Morocco regarding the circulation of people, transit and readmission of foreigners who enter illegally (VI). Likewise, this report sets out the reasons why the current reform of the immigration legislation to provide legal coverage to these types of practices would contravene EU regulations and international human rights law, which would expressly discredit them (VII). This report ends with reflections about the criminal implications for those who order, execute or allow “hot returns” (VIII)