Publication:
The impact of public support on firm propensity to engage in R&D: Spanish experience

Loading...
Thumbnail Image
Full text at PDC
Publication Date
2015
Advisors (or tutors)
Editors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Elsevier
Citations
Google Scholar
Research Projects
Organizational Units
Journal Issue
Abstract
Our objective is to estimate the effect of public low-interest loans for R&D projects on the probability of performing R&D by Spanish firms. The estimations provide evidence of the effectiveness of public low-interest loans, being the stimulus effect larger for SMEs than for large firms and also higher for manufacturing than for services. Supported firms are approxi-mately 25 percentage points more likely to self-finance their R&D investments than non-supported firms. The effect is quite relevant if we consider that the probability of self-financing R&D activities is 53.2 percentage points higher when the firm has invested in R&D activities in the previous year. This result suggests that firms can be induced persistently to perform R&D activities by means of loans.
Description
Unesco subjects
Keywords
Citation
Aerts, K., and T. Schmidt (2008) `Two for the price of one? On additionality effects of R&D subsidies: A comparison between Flanders and Germany´, Research Policy, 37/5: 806-822. Aerts, K., Czarnitzki, D., and A. Fier (2007) `Evaluación econométrica de las políticas públi-cas de I+D: situación actual`. In: Heijs J. and Buesa M. (eds.) Cooperación en innova-ción en España y el papel de las ayudas públicas, pp. 79-104. Instituto de Estudios Fiscales. Madrid. Arqué-Castells, P. (2013) `Persistence in R&D Performance and its Implications for the Granting of Subsidies´, Review of Industrial Organization, 43(3): 193-220. Arqué-Castells, P. and P. Mohnen (2012) `Sunk costs, extensive R&D subsidies and perma-nent inducement effects´, UNU-MERIT Working Paper Series 029, United Nations University, Maastricht Economic and social Research and training centre on Innova-tion and Technology. Arrow, K. J. (1962) `Economic Welfare and the Allocation of Resources for Innovation´. In: Nelson R (ed.) The Rate and Direction of Inventive Activity. NBER book, Princeton University Press, Princeton. Arvanitis, S. (2013) `Micro-econometric approaches to the evaluation of technology-oriented public programmes: a non-technical review of the state of the art´, in A.N. Link and N.S. Vonortas (eds.): Handbook on the Theory and Practice of Program Evaluation, chapter 3, pages 56-88. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham. Arvanitis, S. and H. Hollenstein (1994) `Demand and supply factors in explaining the innova-tive activity of Swiss manufacturing firms´, Economics of Innovation and New Tech-nology, 3: 15-30. Audretsch, D. (1995) Innovation and Industry Evolution, MIT Press. Becker, B. (2014) `Public R&D policies and private R&D investment: a survey of the empiri-cal evidence´, Journal of Economic Surveys, doi: 10.1111/joes.12074 . Bertoni, F., Colombo, M.G. and L. Grilli (2011) `Venture capital financing and the growth of high-tech start-ups: Disentangling treatment from selection effects´, Research Policy, 40: 1028–1043. Bérubé, B. and P. Mohnen (2009) `Are firms that receive R&D subsidies more innovative?´ Canadian Journal of Economics, 42/1: 206-225. Blanes, J. V. and I. Busom (2004) `Who participates in R&D subsidy programs? The case of Spanish manufacturing firms´, Research policy, 33/10: 1459-1476. Bloom, N., Griffith, R. and J. Van Reenen (2002) `Do R&D tax credits work? Evidence from a panel of countries 1979-1997´, Journal of Public Economics, 85/1: 1-31. Borrás, S. and C. Edquist (2013), `The choice of innovation policy instruments´, Technologi-cal Forecasting and Social Change, 80/8: 1513-1522. Busom, I. (2000) `An empirical evaluation of the effects of R&D subsidies´, Economics of Innovation and New Technology, 9/2: 111-148. Cassiman, B. and R. Veugelers (2002) `Complementarity in the innovation strategy: internal R&D, external technology acquisition, and cooperation in R&D´, Research paper Nº 457, IESE, Universidad de Navarra. Carboni, O. (2011) `R&D subsidies and private R&D expenditures: evidence from Italian manufacturing data´, International Review of Applied Economics, 25/4: 419-439. Cerulli, G. and B. Potì (2012) `Evaluating the robustness of the effect of public subsidies on firm’s R&D: An application to Italy´, Journal of Applied Economics, 15/2: 287-320. Clausen, T. H. (2007) `Do subsidies have positive impacts on R&D and innovations activities at the firm level?´, TIK Working papers on Innovation Studies No. 20070615, Centre for technology, innovation and culture, Oslo. Czarnitzki, D. and G. Licht (2005) `Additionality of Public R&D grants in a transition econ-omy: the case of Eastern Germany´, The Economics of Transition, 14/1: 101-131. Czarnitzki, D. and C. Lopes-Bento (2013) `Value for money? New microeconometric evi-dence on public R&D grants in Flanders´, Research Policy, 42/1: 76-89. Czarnitzki, D., Hottenrott, H. and S. Thorwarth (2011) `Industrial research versus develop-ment investment: the implications of financial constraints’, Cambridge Journal of Economics, 35/3: 527–544. David, P., Hall, B. H. and A. A. Toole (2000) `Is public R&D a complement or substitute for private R&D? A review of econometric evidence´, Research Policy, 29: 497-529. Duguet, E. (2004) `Are R&D subsidies a substitute or a complement to privately funded R&D? Evidence from France using propensity score methods for non-experimental data´, Revue d’Economie Politique, 114/2: 263-292. European Commission (2010) European Innovation Scoreboard 2009. European Commission. García-Quevedo, J. (2004) `Do public subsidies complement business R&D? A meta-analysis of the econometric evidence´, KYKLOS, 57/1: 87-102. Geroski, P.A., Van Reenen, J. and C.F. Walters (1997) `How persistently do firms innovate?´, Research Policy, 26: 33-48. González, X., Jaumandreu, J. and C. Pazó (2005) `Barriers to innovation and subsidy effec-tiveness´, The Rand Journal of Economics, 36/4: 930-949. González, X. and C. Pazó (2008) `Do public subsidies stimulate private R&D spending?´, Research Policy, 37/3: 371-389. Hall, B. (2002) `The financing of research and development´, Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 18/1: 35-51. Hall, B. and J. Lerner (2010) `The Financing of R&D and Innovation´, Handbook of the Eco-nomics of Innovation, Vol. 1: 609–639. Heijs, J. (2005) `Identification of firms supported by technology policies: the case of Spanish low interest credits´, Science and Public Policy, 32/3: 219-230. Heckman, J. J. (1979) `Sample selection bias as a specification error,` Econometrica, 47: 153–162. Heckman, J.J., Urzua, S. and E. Vytlacil (2006) `Understanding instrumental variables in models with essential heterogeneity´, The Review of Economics and Statistics, 88/3: 389-432. Himmelberg, C.P. and B.C. Petersen (1994) `R&D and internal finance: a panel study of small firms in high-tech industries´, Review of Economics and Statistics, 76: 38-51. Huergo, E. and J. Jaumandreu (2004) `Firms’ age, process innovation and productivity growth´, International Journal of Industrial Organization, 22/4: 541-559. Huergo, E. and M. Trenado (2010) `The Application for and the Awarding of Low-Interest Credits to Finance R&D Projects´, Review of Industrial Organization, 37/3: 237-259. Klepper, S. (1996) `Entry, exit, and innovation over the product life-cycle´, American Eco-nomic Review, 86: 562-583. Klette, T. J., Moen J. and Z. Griliches (2000) `Do subsidies to commercial R&D reduce mar-ket failures? Microeconometric evaluation studies´, Research Policy, 29: 471–495. Lach, S. (2002) `Do R&D subsidies stimulate or Displace private R&D? Evidence from Isra-el´, Journal of Industrial Economics 50/4: 369-390. Lerner, J. (2002) `When bureaucrats meet entrepreneurs: the design of effective ‘public ven-ture capital’ programmes´, The Economic Journal, 112/477: F73-F84. López, A. (2011) `Effect of microaggregation on regression results: an application to Spanish innovation data´, The Empirical Economics Letters, 10/12: 1265-1272. Mancusi, M. L. and A. Vezzulli (2014) `R&D and Credit Rationing in SMEs´, Economic In-quiry, 52/3: 1153-1172. Mañez-Castillejo, J. A., Rochina-Barrachina, M. E., Sanchis-Llopis, A. and J. Sanchis-Llopis (2009) `The role of sunk costs in the decision to invest in R&D´, Journal of Industrial Economics, 57/4: 712-735. OECD (2006) Government R&D funding and company behaviour. Measuring behavioural additionality. OECD report. Peters, B. (2009) `Persistence of innovation: stylised facts and panel data evidence´, The Journal of Technology Transfer, 34/2: 226-243. Raymond, W., Mohnen, P., Palm, F. and S. Schim van der Loeff (2010) `Persistence of inno-vation in Dutch manufacturing: Is it spurious?´, The Review of Economics and Statis-tics, 92/3: 495-504. Takalo, T., Tanayama, T. and O. Toivanen (2013a) `Market failures and the additionality ef-fects of public support to private R&D: Theory and empirical implications´, Interna-tional Journal of Industrial Organization, 31/5: 634-642. Takalo, T., Tanayama, T. and O. Toivanen (2013b) `Estimating the benefits of targeted R&D subsidies´, The Review of Economics and Statistics, 95/1: 255-272. Wallsten, S. J. (2000) `The Effects of Government-Industry R&D Programs on Private R&D: The Case of the Small Business Innovation Research Program´, The Rand Journal of Economics, 31/1: 82-100. Veugelers, R. (2014) `Undercutting the future? European research spending in times of fiscal consolidation´, Bruegel Policy Contribution 2014/06, June 2014, Bruegel, Brussels. Wooldridge, J. (2005) `Simple Solutions to the Initial Conditions Problem in Dynamic Non-linear Panel Data Models with Unobserved Heterogeneity´, Journal of Applied Econ-ometrics, 20/1: 39–54. Zúñiga-Vicente, J.A., Alonso-Borrego, C., Forcadell, F.J. and J.I. Galán (2014) `Assessing the effect of public subsidies on firm R&D investment: a survey´, Journal of Economic Surveys, 28/1: 36-67.
Collections