Publication: Protección de circuitos para aplicaciones espaciales contra los efectos de rayos cósmicos
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2014
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Abstract
Los dispositivos implementados con tecnologías de última generación son cada vez más vulnerables a alteraciones en su comportamiento debido a la radiación cósmica. El objetivo de este trabajo es controlar esa posible vulnerabilidad. Esto sucede fundamentalmente en circuitos embarcados en aviones, satélites o cohetes. Nuestro trabajo consiste en adaptar una herramienta de inyección de errores que sólo funcionaba para tecnologías basadas en FPGA para que pueda ser usada sobre ASIC (Application-Specific Integrated Circuit). Esta herramienta llamada Nessy fue desarrollada por otros compañeros en esta facultad en proyectos de SSII durante los cursos académicos 2009/2010 y 2010/2011. Para ello se ha necesitado modificar la herramienta y los ficheros de tal forma que permita inyectar errores sobre FlipFlops y de esta forma lograr emular errores en ASIC. Una de las principales diferencias entre una FPGA y un ASIC es que la primera se puede reconfigurar e implementar nuevas funcionalidades, mientras que los ASIC, al no tener una memoria de configuración no permiten, una vez implementado, tener un uso distinto, es decir no permiten ser reconfigurado. Sólo permite resetear su circuito, con lo que los fallos no lo desconfiguran, sólo alteran su funcionamiento.
Por otro lado, se ha querido ampliar la herramienta para que también permita proteger automáticamente los circuitos. El método utilizado es la triplicación del circuito (situando cada uno de los tres elementos en regiones distintas para que en el caso de que una partícula colisione, no dañe dos elementos a la vez), por medio del cual obtenemos tres señales iguales. En el momento en el que un circuito es dañado y crea una salida errónea, el sistema la detecta y saca una de las salidas correctas para que el resto de componentes no sufran ese fallo.
The devices implemented with last-generation technologies are becoming more vulnerable to changes in their behavior induced by cosmic radiation. The objective of this project is to control their potential vulnerability. This happens basically in circuits on board planes, satellites or rockets. Our work is to adapt a fault injection tool that only can work in FPGA based technologies so that they can be used on ASIC. This tool called Nessy, has been developed by others students at this faculty in several Ms theirs projects during the academic years 2009/2010 and 2010/2011. For that purpose it, was needed to modify the tool and the files so as to allow injecting errors on FlipFlops and thus can emulate ASIC. One of the main differences between a FPGA and an ASIC is that de first ones can be reconfigured and implement news functionalities, do not have any configuration memory. Here changing their functionality is not possible. They only support reset operations, so that failures do not alter their structure, but they only modify their behavior. Moreover, we have decided to extend the tool to allow protecting the circuits automatically. The method used is based in triple redundancy the circuit (placing each of the three elements in different areas so that two of them are not affected by a collision particle simultaneously). When the circuit is damaged, the system detects it and it shows one of the correct outputs generated by one of the remaining components that do not suffer that failure.
The devices implemented with last-generation technologies are becoming more vulnerable to changes in their behavior induced by cosmic radiation. The objective of this project is to control their potential vulnerability. This happens basically in circuits on board planes, satellites or rockets. Our work is to adapt a fault injection tool that only can work in FPGA based technologies so that they can be used on ASIC. This tool called Nessy, has been developed by others students at this faculty in several Ms theirs projects during the academic years 2009/2010 and 2010/2011. For that purpose it, was needed to modify the tool and the files so as to allow injecting errors on FlipFlops and thus can emulate ASIC. One of the main differences between a FPGA and an ASIC is that de first ones can be reconfigured and implement news functionalities, do not have any configuration memory. Here changing their functionality is not possible. They only support reset operations, so that failures do not alter their structure, but they only modify their behavior. Moreover, we have decided to extend the tool to allow protecting the circuits automatically. The method used is based in triple redundancy the circuit (placing each of the three elements in different areas so that two of them are not affected by a collision particle simultaneously). When the circuit is damaged, the system detects it and it shows one of the correct outputs generated by one of the remaining components that do not suffer that failure.
Description
Trabajo de Fin de Grado en Ingeniería de Computadores (Universidad Complutense, Facultad de Informática, curso 2013/2014)