Publication: The stellar mass assembly of galaxies from z=0 to z=4: Analysis of a sample selected in the rest-frame near-infrared with Spitzer
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2008-03-01
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Rieke, George H.;, George H.
Villar, Victor
Barro, Guillermo
Blaylock, Myra
Egami, Eiichi
Gil de Paz, Armando
Pascual, Sergio
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American Astronomical Society
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Using a sample of ~28,000 sources selected at 3.6-4.5 μm with Spitzer observations of the Hubble Deep Field North, the Chandra Deep Field South, and the Lockman Hole (surveyed area ~664 arcmin^2), we study the evolution of the stellar mass content of the universe at 0 < z < 4. We calculate stellar masses and photometric redshifts, based on ~2000 templates built with stellar population and dust emission models fitting the ultraviolet to mid-infrared spectral energy distributions of galaxies with spectroscopic redshifts. We estimate stellar mass functions for different redshift intervals. We find that 50% of the local stellar mass density was assembled at 0 < z < 1 (average star formation rate [SFR] 0.048 M-☉ yr^−1 Mpc^−3), and at least another 40% at 1 < z < 4 (average SFR 0.074 M_☉ yr^−1 Mpc^−3). Our results confirm and quantify the "downsizing" scenario of galaxy formation. The most massive galaxies (M > 10^12.0 M_☉) assembled the bulk of their stellar content rapidly (in 1-2 Gyr) beyond z ~ 3 in very intense star formation events (producing high specific SFRs). Galaxies with 10^11.5 < M < 10^12.0 M_☉ assembled half of their stellar mass before z ~ 1.5, and more than 90% of their mass was already in place at z ~ 0.6. Galaxies with M < 1011.5 M☉ evolved more slowly (presenting smaller specific SFRs), assembling half of their stellar mass below z ~ 1. About 40% of the local stellar mass density of 10^9.0 < M < 10^11.0 M_☉ galaxies was assembled below z ~ 0.4, most probably through accretion of small satellites producing little star formation. The cosmic stellar mass density at z > 2.5 is dominated by optically faint (Rgsim 25) red galaxies (distant red galaxies or BzK sources), which account for ~30% of the global population of galaxies, but contribute at least 60% of the cosmic stellar mass density. Bluer galaxies (e.g., Lyman break galaxies) are more numerous but less massive, contributing less than 50% of the global stellar mass density at high redshift.
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© 2008. The American Astronomical Society. We acknowledge support from the Spanish Programa Nacional de Astronomía y Astrofísica under grant AYA 2006–02358. Support was also provided by NASA through contract 1255094 issued by JPL/Caltech. This work is based in part on observations made with the Spitzer Space Telescope, which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Caltech, under NASA contract 1407. GALEX is a NASA Small Explorer launched in 2003 April. We gratefully acknowledge NASA’s support for construction, operation, and scientific analysis of the GALEX mission. This research has made use of the NASA/ IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED), which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Based in part on data collected at Subaru Telescope and obtained from the SMOKA, which is operated by the Astronomy Data Center, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan. This work is based in part on data obtained as part of the UKIRT Infrared Deep Sky Survey. Funding for the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) and SDSS-II has been provided by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, the Participating Institutions, the National Science Foundation, the US Department of Energy, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the Japanese Monbukagakusho, and the Max Planck Society, and the Higher Education Funding Council for England. The SDSS Web site is http://www.sdss.org/. This publication makes use of data products from the Two Micron All Sky Survey, which is a joint project of the University of Massachusetts and the Infrared Processing and Analysis Center/ California Institute of Technology, funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the National Science Foundation. P. G. P.-G. acknowledges support from the Ramón y Cajal Fellowship Program financed by the Spanish Government, and A. G. d. P. from the MAGPOP EU Marie Curie Research Training Network. We are grateful to Andrew Hopkins for providing useful data for this paper.
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