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A Holistic Model for the Evaluation of the Testimony(HELPT)

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2015
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A proposed protocol for evaluating the statements and identifications made by the potential victims of crimes is presented in this paper. The protocol, called HELPT, is part of a holistic approach to evaluating the testimony that takes into account all of the possible factors of influence: encoding, retention and recovery. Among these factors, the following will be relevant: a) the ability of victims to testify, as well as cognitive processes of attention, perception, memory and language; b) the specific characteristics of the offence; c) the history of the event and its consequences; d) other factors that might affect the quality and accuracy of the statements and identifications, such as the number of times the victim had to tell what happened, the methods used to obtain the story and possibilities of suggestion. The method includes specific procedures for exhaustive analysis of the testimonies and for the formulation and testing of hypotheses (Scott & Manzanero, 2015), the evaluation of the competence to testify (Contreras, Silva, & Manzanero, 2015) and the obtaining of statements (González, Muñoz, Sotoca, & Manzanero, 2013).
En este trabajo se presenta una propuesta de protocolo de evaluación de las declaraciones e identificaciones realizadas por posibles víctimas de delitos. El protocolo, denominado HELPT, se enmarca en un enfoque holístico de evaluación de la prueba testifical que considera todos los posibles factores de influencia: de codificación, de retención y de recuperación. Entre estos factores resultarán relevantes a) la capacidad para testificar de las víctimas, donde se tienen en cuenta los procesos cognitivos de atención, percepción, memoria y lenguaje; b) las características específicas del delito; c) los antecedentes del hecho evaluado y sus consecuencias; d) otros factores que pudieran afectar a la calidad y exactitud de las declaraciones e identificaciones, como el número de veces que la víctima tuvo que contar lo ocurrido, los métodos empleados para obtener el relato y posibilidades de sugestión. El método contempla procedimientos específicos de análisis exhaustivo de los expedientes y de formulación y contrastación de hipótesis (Scott y Manzanero, 2015), de evaluación de la competencia para testificar (Contreras, Silva y Manzanero, 2015) y de obtención de las declaraciones (González, Muñoz, Sotoca y Manzanero, 2013).
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