Publication: Una aproximación sociológica a la discapacidad desde el modelo social: apuntes caracteriológicos
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Publication Date
2008
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Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas
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Abstract
En el presente trabajo se propone el análisis de la discapacidad desde una perspectiva sociológica afín a la del modelo social anglosajón. Ello supone la puesta en cuestión de la perspectiva tradicional, según la cual la discapacidad es entendida como una insuficiencia padecida por un individuo, haciendo abstracción del contexto sociocultural en el que la misma cobra sentido (el modelo médico-fisiológico). Si se toma en consideración ese contexto, se comprueba que la discapacidad, como fenómeno social, afecta a tres ámbitos interconectados: el de las prácticas cotidianas, el de la identidad social y el de la estratificación social. Este análisis implica el desarrollo de un marco teórico que estudie la discapacidad en términos de «diferencia» y que evidencie las razones por las que la misma se traduce en marginación, exclusión y opresión. Además, se ha de elaborar partiendo de estudios empíricos que recojan la experiencia de las personas discapacitadas.
This paper proposes the analysis of disability from ab sociological perspective similar to that of the Anglo Saxon social model. It implies a critique of the traditional perspective, according to which disability is understood as an impairment suffered by an individual, abstracting it from the socio-cultural context in which it takes on meaning (the medicalphysiological model). If this context is taken into consideration, we can verify that disability, as a social phenomenon, includes three interconnected areas: daily practices, social identity and social stratification. This analysis implies the development of a theoretical framework that sets disability in terms of «difference» in order to show the reasons by which it turns into marginalization, exclusion and oppression. In addition, that theoretical framework has to be created by developing empirical studies that gather the experience of disabled people themselves.
This paper proposes the analysis of disability from ab sociological perspective similar to that of the Anglo Saxon social model. It implies a critique of the traditional perspective, according to which disability is understood as an impairment suffered by an individual, abstracting it from the socio-cultural context in which it takes on meaning (the medicalphysiological model). If this context is taken into consideration, we can verify that disability, as a social phenomenon, includes three interconnected areas: daily practices, social identity and social stratification. This analysis implies the development of a theoretical framework that sets disability in terms of «difference» in order to show the reasons by which it turns into marginalization, exclusion and oppression. In addition, that theoretical framework has to be created by developing empirical studies that gather the experience of disabled people themselves.