Publication: The thick disk in the galaxy NGC 4244 from S^(4)G imaging
Loading...
Official URL
Full text at PDC
Publication Date
2011-03-01
Advisors (or tutors)
Editors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
American Astronomical Society
Abstract
If thick disks are ubiquitous and a natural product of disk galaxy formation and/or evolution processes, all undisturbed galaxies that have evolved during a significant fraction of a Hubble time should have a thick disk. The late-type spiral galaxy NGC 4244 has been reported as the only nearby edge-on galaxy without a confirmed thick disk. Using data from the Spitzer Survey of Stellar Structure in Galaxies (S^(4)G) we have identified signs of two disk components in this galaxy. The asymmetries between the light profiles on both sides of the mid-plane of NGC 4244 can be explained by a combination of the galaxy not being perfectly edge-on and a certain degree of opacity of the thin disk. We argue that the subtlety of the thick disk is a consequence of either a limited secular evolution in NGC 4244, a small fraction of stellar material in the fragments which built the galaxy, or a high amount of gaseous accretion after the formation of the galaxy.
Description
© 2011. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.
ArtĂculo firmado por 19 autores.
The authors thank the entire S^(4)G team for their efforts in this project. We thank our anonymous referee for giving useful advice which improved the quality of this paper. We thank Inma MartĂnez Valpuesta for her useful comments. We are grateful to the dedicated staff at the Spitzer Science Center for their help and support in planning and execution of this Exploration Science program. We also gratefully acknowledge support from NASA JPL/Spitzer grant RSA 1374189 provided for the S^(4)G project. K. M. D. is supported by an NSF Astronomy and Astrophysics Postdoctoral Fellowship under award AST-0802399. E. A. and A. B. thank the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales for financial support.
UCM subjects
Unesco subjects
Keywords
Citation
Abadi, M. G., Navarro, J. F., Steinmetz, M., & Eke, V. R. 2003, ApJ, 597, 21
Abazajian, N. Z., et al. 2009, ApJS, 182, 534
Benson, A. J., Lacey, C. G., Frenk, C. S., Baugh, C. M., & Cole, S. 2004, MNRAS, 351, 1215
Bergstrom, J. W., Gehrz, R. D., & Jones, T. J. 1992, PASP, 104, 695
Bianchi, S. 2008, A&A, 490, 461
Bournaud, F., Elmegreen, B. G., & Elmegreen, D. M. 2007, ApJ, 670, 237
Bournaud, F., Elmegreen, B. G., & Martig, M. 2009, ApJ, 707, L1
Brook, C. B., Kawata, D., Gibson, B. K., & Freeman, K. C. 2004, ApJ, 612, 894
Burstein, D. 1979, ApJ, 234, 829
Dalcanton, J. J., & Bernstein, R. A. 2002, AJ, 124, 1328
de Jong, R. S., et al. 2007, ApJ, 667, L49
Elmegreen, B. G., & Elmegreen, D. M. 2006, ApJ, 650, 644
Fazio, G. G., et al. 2004, ApJS, 154, 10
Florido, E., Battaner, E., Sánchez Saavedra, M. L., Prieto, M., & Mediavilla, E. 1991, MNRAS, 251, 193
Fry, A. M., Morrison, H. L., Harding, P., & Boroson, T. A. 1999, AJ, 118, 1209
Gilmore, G., & Reid, N. 1983, MNRAS, 202, 1025
Hänninen, J., & Flynn, C. 2002, MNRAS, 337, 731
Hayashi, H., & Chiba, M. 2006, PASJ, 58, 835
Haywood, M. 2008, MNRAS, 338, 1175
Hoopes, C. G., Walterbros, R. A. M., & Rand, R. J. 1999, ApJ, 522, 669
Kazantzidis, S., Bullock, J. S., Zentner, A. R., Kravtsov, A. V., & Moustakas, L. A. 2008, ApJ, 688, 254
Kennicutt, R. C., Jr., Lee, J. C., Funes, S. J., José, G., Sakai, S., & Akiyama, S. 2008, ApJS, 178, 247
Kodaira, K., & Yamashita, T. 1996, PASJ, 48, 581
Kroupa, P. 2002, MNRAS, 330, 707
MartĂnez Delgado, D., Peñarrubia, J., Gabany, R. J., Trujillo, I., Majewski, S. R., & Pohlen, M. 2008, ApJ, 689, 184
MartĂnez Delgado, D., Pohlen, M., Gabany, R. J., Majewski, S. R., & Peñarrubia, J. 2009, ApJ, 692, 955
Olling, R. P. 1996, AJ, 112, 457
Peng, C. Y., Ho, L. C., Impey, C. D., & Rix, H.-W. 2002, AJ, 124, 266
Peng, C. Y., Ho, L. C., Impey, C. D., & Rix, H.-W. 2010, AJ, 139, 2097
Roskar, R., Debattista, V. P., Stinson, G. S., Quinn, T. R., Kaufmann, T., & Wadsley, J. 2008, ApJ, 675, L65
Saha, K., de Jong, R., & Holwerda, B. 2009, MNRAS, 396, 409
Schönrich, R., & Binney, J. 2009a, MNRAS, 396, 203
Schönrich, R., & Binney, J. 2009b, MNRAS, 399, 1145
Seth, A. C., Blum, R. D., Bastian, N., Caldwell, N., Debattista, V. P., & Puzia, T. H. 2008, ApJ, 687, 997
Seth, A. C., Dalcanton, J. J., & de Jong, R. S. 2005a, AJ, 129, 1331
Seth, A. C., Dalcanton, J. J., & de Jong, R. S. 2005b, AJ, 130, 1574
Seth, A. C., de Jong, R., Dalcanton, J., & GHOSTS Team 2007, in IAU Symp. Ser. 241, Stellar Populations as Building Blocks of Galaxies, ed. A. Vazdekis & R. F. Peletier (Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press), 523
Shang, Z., et al. 1998, ApJ, 504, 23
Sheth, K., et al. 2010, PASP, 122, 1397
Strickland, D. K., Heckman, T. M., Colbert, E. J. M., Hoopes, C. G., & Weaver, K. A. 2004, ApJS, 151, 193
Tikhonov, N. A., & Galazutdinova, O. A. 2005, Astrophysics, 48, 221
Tsikoudi, V. 1979, ApJ, 234, 842
van der Kruit, P. C. 1979, A&AS, 38, 15
van der Kruit, P. C., & Searle, L. 1981, A&A, 95, 105
Villumsen, J. V. 1985, ApJ, 290, 75
Yoachim, P., & Dalcanton, J. J. 2006, AJ, 131, 226
Yoachim, P., & Dalcanton, J. J. 2008, ApJ, 683, 707