Publication: Política de lucha contra el terrorismo de la UE: una prioridad en la agenda internacional
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2016-02-09
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
La presente tesis doctoral constituye la compilación, análisis y descripción de la política antiterrorista de la UE a partir de los atentados del 11 de septiembre de 2001 y hasta inicios de 2015. La investigación concluye cuáles son las medidas tomadas por parte de la UE en este campo, poniendo de manifiesto los aciertos y errores comunitarios a través del estudio de las acciones recopiladas en la tesis. El inicio del trabajo se establece en el año 2001, coincidiendo con dos puntos de inflexión en el escenario contraterrorista internacional: los atentados de Nueva York y Washington, que posicionaron el fenómeno terrorista en las agendas internacionales; y el cierre, que se establece en marzo de 2015, con la Estrategia de actuación de la UE en Irak y Siria contra el Estado Islámico, y representa la mutabilidad de la amenaza y el surgimiento de un nuevo grupo terrorista de alta repercusión en Occidente y Oriente Medio. Simboliza igualmente una nueva etapa en el fenómeno terrorista: más global, mediático, violento y marcado por la llamada a la radicalización en territorio occidental. El método empleado en la investigación responde al denominado análisis cualitativo, en particular el análisis descriptivo y comparativo, que se adapta a la naturaleza de la tesis y de las medidas contraterroristas comunitarias, y facilita el entendimiento de la UE como actor internacional en lucha contra el terrorismo. El marco teórico atiende al constructivismo: el mundo se concibe como una construcción, en el cual las ideas compartidas, las prácticas y las normas permiten configurar el entramado, estructuras y condiciones que erigen el sistema internacional. En la actual investigación, se identifica que tanto las ideas como las prácticas de los Estados y actores involucrados deciden la percepción que la UE adopta frente al terrorismo, y en consecuencia, la política aplicada. Dichas ideas y normas insertas en el sistema son los condicionantes del comportamiento de los propios actores implicados, así como de sus objetivos e intereses. La tesis se conforma en torno a tres hipótesis básicas donde subyacen hipótesis auxiliares que entroncan y explican la realización y estructura de la tesis doctoral. De las tres hipótesis básicas, la primera de ellas mantiene que la UE desarrolla una política común de seguridad y defensa débil, sin capacidad suficiente para responder a los riesgos y amenazas actuales, entre ellas el terrorismo. Consecuencia de ello, es el decrecimiento de la UE como actor dentro del panorama internacional. La segunda hipótesis básica sostiene que la ha creado 13 una política antiterrorista caracterizada por un excesivo planteamiento teórico no funcional, y en la práctica no lo suficientemente homogénea, operativa, transparente y vinculante con los actores implicados. Por último, la tercera hipótesis básica manifiesta que la UE dispone de varias organizaciones comunitarias que demuestran errores de duplicidad y escaso control superior, acompañado por un ineficiente gasto de presupuesto comunitario...
This thesis is the compilation, analysis and description of the EU anti-terrorism policy after the attacks of September 9-11 of 2001 and until the beginning of 2015. The research concludes the measures taken by the EU and demonstrates the community successes and mistakes by studying the actions collected in the thesis. The starting point of the investigation is established in 2001, coinciding with two turning points: the terrorist attacks on New York and Washington, which positioned the terrorist phenomenon in the international agendas. And the closing point, which is set in March 2015, matching with the Strategy for EU action in Iraq and Syria against the Islamic State, and represents the mutability of the threat and the emergence of a new high-impact terror group in the West and Middle East. It also symbolizes a new stage in the terrorist phenomenon: global, media, violent and marked by the call to radicalization in Western territory. The method used in the research responds to the qualitative analysis, including descriptive and comparative analysis, according to the nature of the thesis and Community counterterrorism measures, this approach facilitates the understanding of the EU as an international actor in fighting terrorism. The theoretical framework responds to constructivism: the world is conceived as a construction in which the shared ideas, practices and standards for configuring the network, structures and conditions set up the international system. The current research identifies both ideas and practices that show that States and stakeholders decide the perception that the EU adopts against terrorism, and consequently the policy implemented. These ideas and norms embedded in the system are the constraints on the behaviour of the actors involved as well as their goals and interests. The thesis is shaped around three basic assumptions which underlie auxiliary hypotheses that connect and explain the performance and structure of the dissertation. The first hypothesis holds that the EU is developing a weak common security policy and feeble defence without enough respond capability to the risks and threats, including terrorism capacity. Consequence of that is the decline of the EU as an actor in the international arena. The second basic hypothesis holds that terrorism has created a policy characterized by excessive non-functional theoretical approach, and the insufficiently homogeneous, operational, transparent and binding practice with stakeholders. Finally, the third basic hypothesis states that the EU 16 has several community organizations that demonstrate errors in duplication and poor oversight, accompanied by an inefficient spending of the EU budget...
This thesis is the compilation, analysis and description of the EU anti-terrorism policy after the attacks of September 9-11 of 2001 and until the beginning of 2015. The research concludes the measures taken by the EU and demonstrates the community successes and mistakes by studying the actions collected in the thesis. The starting point of the investigation is established in 2001, coinciding with two turning points: the terrorist attacks on New York and Washington, which positioned the terrorist phenomenon in the international agendas. And the closing point, which is set in March 2015, matching with the Strategy for EU action in Iraq and Syria against the Islamic State, and represents the mutability of the threat and the emergence of a new high-impact terror group in the West and Middle East. It also symbolizes a new stage in the terrorist phenomenon: global, media, violent and marked by the call to radicalization in Western territory. The method used in the research responds to the qualitative analysis, including descriptive and comparative analysis, according to the nature of the thesis and Community counterterrorism measures, this approach facilitates the understanding of the EU as an international actor in fighting terrorism. The theoretical framework responds to constructivism: the world is conceived as a construction in which the shared ideas, practices and standards for configuring the network, structures and conditions set up the international system. The current research identifies both ideas and practices that show that States and stakeholders decide the perception that the EU adopts against terrorism, and consequently the policy implemented. These ideas and norms embedded in the system are the constraints on the behaviour of the actors involved as well as their goals and interests. The thesis is shaped around three basic assumptions which underlie auxiliary hypotheses that connect and explain the performance and structure of the dissertation. The first hypothesis holds that the EU is developing a weak common security policy and feeble defence without enough respond capability to the risks and threats, including terrorism capacity. Consequence of that is the decline of the EU as an actor in the international arena. The second basic hypothesis holds that terrorism has created a policy characterized by excessive non-functional theoretical approach, and the insufficiently homogeneous, operational, transparent and binding practice with stakeholders. Finally, the third basic hypothesis states that the EU 16 has several community organizations that demonstrate errors in duplication and poor oversight, accompanied by an inefficient spending of the EU budget...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Políticas y Sociología, Departamento de Derecho Internacional Público y Relaciones Internacionales (Estudios Internacionales), leída el 13-01-2016