Publication: La influencia de las funciones ejecutivas en los procesos de memoria en el trastorno esquizofrénico paranoide y bipolar con y sin sintomatología psicótica
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2016-02-19
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
NOTA 520 8 Es tradicional, en el campo de la cognición, ver como se han desarrollado modelos y métodos evaluación para las diferentes funciones cognitivas (memoria, lenguaje, funciones ejecutivas…) en los que no se termina de formalizar de una manera clara como unos procesos colaboran, o influyen en los otros. Dos de los procesos que con mayor probabilidad deben interactuar entre ellos son las funciones ejecutivas (FFEE) y la memoria. No es de extrañar ya que las FFEE son un conjunto de habilidades cognitivas que optimizan los limitados recursos cognitivos de otras funciones como la atención, lenguaje, percepción o memoria. De hecho, nuestra habilidad interna para generar estrategias para codificar o retener la información dependerían del sistema ejecutivo que sirven para optimizar nuestra memoria en tareas de alta demanda o novedosas. No es un tema a ignorar, ya que tanto la FFEE como la memoria son dominios cognitivos frecuentemente señalados como marcadores de deterioro en el trastorno esquizofrénico y bipolar hasta el punto de ser considerados endofenotipos de estas patologías. Investigamos cómo el déficit de las FFEE no puede ser considerado independiente al déficit de memoria ya que este último puede ser una consecuencia de una deficiente organización del material a memorizar. Una posibilidad de aportar datos sobre la interdependencia entre procesos cognitivos podría ser la utilización de tareas duales. Dentro de ellas, podemos considerar el uso Test de Estrategias de Memoria (TEM), que fue diseñado como una herramienta para la evaluación del efecto de la función ejecutiva en el rendimiento de los procesos de memoria. A lo largo de sus 5 condiciones, los sujetos van recibiendo ayuda del evaluador (estrategias) con el fin de optimizar su rendimiento en memoria. Este efecto podría ser importante de evaluar en pacientes con afectación de las FFEE que tuviesen problemas a la hora de generar estrategias internas. El presente trabajo describe, a través del TEM, tanto la influencia de las FFEE en los procesos de memoria en pacientes afectados de esquizofrenia y trastorno bipolar, como las propiedades psicométricas del dicho test (calculando su fiabilidad y propiedades a través del modelo clásico y de la Teoría de Respuesta al Ítem) y su relación las otras pruebas neuropsicológicas tanto en sujetos sin patología como en sujetos con patologías psiquiátricas asociadas a disfunción ejecutiva. También y dado su uso generalizado en la evaluación cognitiva, en este trabajo, también evaluamos la relación entre las FFEE y las pruebas de fluencia verbal, así como los límites que presentan...
It is a tradition, in the cognitive science, to find out how models and methods evaluation have been developed for different cognitive functions (memory, language, executive functions ...) where it is not fully formalized, in a clear way, how some processes collaborate or influence on others. Two of the processes which are most likely to interact with each other are the executive functions (EEFF) and memory. In fact, our internal ability to generate strategies to encode or retaining information would depend on the executive system serving to optimize our memory for high demanding or novel tasks. This issue shouldn't be ignored, since both EEFF and memory are cognitive domains often identified as markers of deterioration in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder up the point of being considered endophenotypes of these pathologies. In the present work how the EEFF deficit can not be considered independent from memory deficit has been studied since the latter one may be a consequence of poor organization of the material to memorize. One possibility to provide data on the interdependence between cognitive processes could be the use of dual tasks. Among them, it can be considered the use of Test of memory strategies (TMS), which was designed as a tool for assessing the impact of executive function performance in memory processes. Throughout his five conditions, subjects get help from the assessor (strategies) in order to optimize their performance in memory. This effect could be important to assess in patients with EEFF involvement who had problems generating internal strategies. This study describes, through the TMS, both the influence of EEFF in memory processes in patients suffering from schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, as the psychometric properties of this test (calculating its reliability and properties through 5 the classical model and the Item Response Theory) and their relationship with the other neuropsychological tests in both subjects without pathology and subjects with psychiatric disorders associated with executive dysfunction. Moreover, given its widespread use in cognitive assessment, this work also evaluated the relation between EEFF and Verbal Fluency Tests and the limits they present as well...
It is a tradition, in the cognitive science, to find out how models and methods evaluation have been developed for different cognitive functions (memory, language, executive functions ...) where it is not fully formalized, in a clear way, how some processes collaborate or influence on others. Two of the processes which are most likely to interact with each other are the executive functions (EEFF) and memory. In fact, our internal ability to generate strategies to encode or retaining information would depend on the executive system serving to optimize our memory for high demanding or novel tasks. This issue shouldn't be ignored, since both EEFF and memory are cognitive domains often identified as markers of deterioration in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder up the point of being considered endophenotypes of these pathologies. In the present work how the EEFF deficit can not be considered independent from memory deficit has been studied since the latter one may be a consequence of poor organization of the material to memorize. One possibility to provide data on the interdependence between cognitive processes could be the use of dual tasks. Among them, it can be considered the use of Test of memory strategies (TMS), which was designed as a tool for assessing the impact of executive function performance in memory processes. Throughout his five conditions, subjects get help from the assessor (strategies) in order to optimize their performance in memory. This effect could be important to assess in patients with EEFF involvement who had problems generating internal strategies. This study describes, through the TMS, both the influence of EEFF in memory processes in patients suffering from schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, as the psychometric properties of this test (calculating its reliability and properties through 5 the classical model and the Item Response Theory) and their relationship with the other neuropsychological tests in both subjects without pathology and subjects with psychiatric disorders associated with executive dysfunction. Moreover, given its widespread use in cognitive assessment, this work also evaluated the relation between EEFF and Verbal Fluency Tests and the limits they present as well...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Psicología, Departamento de Psicología Básica II (Procesos Cognitivos), leída el 13-01-2016