Publication: Anna O: la invención del psicoanálisis
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2016-03-03
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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El caso de Anna O. representa uno de los mitos fundadores del psicoanálisis. Enferma a los veintiún años en Viena, edad en que Martha Bernays –cuyas familias estaban íntimamente ligadas– se compromete con Freud. Joseph Breuer la atendió por esta afección entre julio de 1880 y junio de 1882, tiempo en el cual ella nombró al trabajo que emprendieron juntos como talking cure, utilizando la expresión de chimney sweeping –limpieza de chimeneas– para referirse a la rememoración de los hechos que daba lugar a la creación de los síntomas, mientras que él empleó el término de catarsis para referirse a ambos procedimientos, presentando el caso como muestra de la cura catártica. Breuer (1842-1925) tuvo, a su vez, un papel muy importante en la vida de Freud entre los años 1882 y 1895, impulsando y apoyando económicamente al entonces joven científico, creando el método precursor del psicoanálisis y redactando con él la obra inaugural. Era un médico brillante que atendió, entre otros, a Franz Brentano, Johannes Brahms y a importantes colegas, entre ellos al propio Freud. Hijo de un conocido rabino de ideas liberales, aunque como Freud, asimilado, apegado al judaísmo, pero ni creyente ni practicante. Célebre en 1868 por un estudio sobre el papel del nervio neumogástrico en la regulación de la respiración, en la década de 1870 Breuer pasó de la fisiología a la psicología, atraído por la hipnosis que experimentó con Bertha Pappenheim, a quien asistió por una tos que temían fuera de origen tuberculoso. En 1891 comenzaron a surgir numerosos desacuerdos entre Freud y Breuer a propósito de sus concepciones de la ciencia, la histeria y la sexualidad. Freud se orientaba cada vez más hacía la elaboración de una obra teórica absolutamente innovadora para su época, mientras que Breuer seguía siendo un científico clásico. Freud se volvió susceptible y le reprochó que fuera oportunista y no tuviera coraje innovador. Tras su muerte, su hijo Robert Breuer, le develará que siempre fue favorable al psicoanálisis y siguió su obra con enorme interés aunque no compartía el papel de la seducción, ni separaba la psicología de la fisiología...
NOTA 520 8 The case of Anna O. is one of the founding myths of psychoanalysis. She fell ill when she was twenty years in Vienna, same age of Martha Bernays-whose families were closely tied– got engaged with Freud. Joseph Breuer attended for her condition between July 1880 and June 1882, period of healing undertaken together, to which she referred as The Talking Cure, using the expression of chimney sweeping – meaning the recollection of the facts that led to the creation of symptoms, while he used the term to refer to both catharsis procedures, presenting the case as a sign of cathartic healing. Breuer (1842-1925) had, in turn, a very important role in Freud’s life between 1882 and 1895, promoting and financially supporting the then young scientist, creating the precursor method of psychoanalysis and writing with him the inaugural work. He was a brilliant doctor who treated, among others, Franz Brentano, Johannes Brahms and important colleagues, including Freud himself. The son of a rabbi known for his liberal ideas, but as Freud, he was an assimilated Jewish, attached to Judaism, but neither believing nor practitioner. Celebrated in 1868 by a study on the role of the vagus nerve in the regulation of breathing, in t 1870 Breuer moved from physiology to psychology, attracted by hypnosis experienced with Anna O., whom he attended of cough, initially attributed to much feared tuberculosis. In 1891 there began to arise numerous disagreements between Freud and Breuer about their conceptions of science, hysteria and sexuality. Freud is increasingly oriented towards the development of a completely innovative for its time theoretical work while Breuer remained a classic scientist. Freud became susceptible and opportunistic, and reproached him for not being innovative and lacking courage. After his death, his son Robert Breuer, will unveil he had always been favorable to psychoanalysis and had continued his work with great interest even though he did share Freud́s ideas about the role of seduction, and separated psychology from physiology...
NOTA 520 8 The case of Anna O. is one of the founding myths of psychoanalysis. She fell ill when she was twenty years in Vienna, same age of Martha Bernays-whose families were closely tied– got engaged with Freud. Joseph Breuer attended for her condition between July 1880 and June 1882, period of healing undertaken together, to which she referred as The Talking Cure, using the expression of chimney sweeping – meaning the recollection of the facts that led to the creation of symptoms, while he used the term to refer to both catharsis procedures, presenting the case as a sign of cathartic healing. Breuer (1842-1925) had, in turn, a very important role in Freud’s life between 1882 and 1895, promoting and financially supporting the then young scientist, creating the precursor method of psychoanalysis and writing with him the inaugural work. He was a brilliant doctor who treated, among others, Franz Brentano, Johannes Brahms and important colleagues, including Freud himself. The son of a rabbi known for his liberal ideas, but as Freud, he was an assimilated Jewish, attached to Judaism, but neither believing nor practitioner. Celebrated in 1868 by a study on the role of the vagus nerve in the regulation of breathing, in t 1870 Breuer moved from physiology to psychology, attracted by hypnosis experienced with Anna O., whom he attended of cough, initially attributed to much feared tuberculosis. In 1891 there began to arise numerous disagreements between Freud and Breuer about their conceptions of science, hysteria and sexuality. Freud is increasingly oriented towards the development of a completely innovative for its time theoretical work while Breuer remained a classic scientist. Freud became susceptible and opportunistic, and reproached him for not being innovative and lacking courage. After his death, his son Robert Breuer, will unveil he had always been favorable to psychoanalysis and had continued his work with great interest even though he did share Freud́s ideas about the role of seduction, and separated psychology from physiology...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Filosofía, Departamento de Teoría del Conocimiento, Estética e Historia del Pensamiento, leída el 18-12-2015