Publication: Directrices para seleccionar test psicológicos en el ámbito clínico forense
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Publication Date
2013
Authors
García Vera, María Paz
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Sociedad Española de Psicología Clínica, Legal y Forense
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Abstract
El considerable desarrollo de la evaluación psicológica en España ha puesto a disposición de los psicólogos que trabajan en el ámbito clínico forense un número muy grande de test psicológicos y, en consecuencia, una de las tareas a las que deben enfrentarse es decidir qué test en concreto deberían utilizar en una evaluación forense dada. Esta decisión implica, en primer lugar, determinar los objetivos de la evaluación forense y la población a la que pertenece la persona evaluada, y, en segundo lugar, valorar la adecuación a esos objetivos y a esa población de las características del test y de las interpretaciones de las medidas que ese test proporciona. Para hacer esta valoración, Heilbrun (1992) propuso siete directrices que tienen en cuenta criterios psicométricos así como criterios de disponibilidad, documentación, aplicación, interpretación y relevancia para las cuestiones forenses. En este trabajo, se han actualizado, ampliado y especificado esas directrices con el objetivo último de que las mismas puedan servir de ayuda a los psicólogos españoles que trabajan en el ámbito clínico forense. Finalmente, se ejemplifica la utilidad de esas directrices analizando a partir de ellas los test más utilizados para la evaluación de la gravedad de la depresión en la población clínica española.
Psychological assessment in Spain has undergone considerable development and, therefore, psychologists working in clinical forensic settings have at their disposal a very large armamentarium of psychological tests. Consequently, one of the tasks faced by these psychologists is to decide which specific test should be used in a forensic assessment given. This decision involves, first, determining the objectives of the forensic evaluation and the population to which the assessed person belongs to, and, second, to assess the adequacy of test characteristics and interpretations of test measures to those objectives and that population. To make this assessment, Heilbrun (1992) proposed seven guidelines that take into account psychometric criteria as well as criteria of availability, documentation, administration, interpretation and relevance to forensic issues. In this paper, those guidelines have been updated, expanded and specified with the ultimate goal that they can be of assistance to Spanish psychologists working in clinical forensic settings. Finally, in order to illustrate their usefulness, an analysis based on these guidelines is carried out on the most commonly used tests for assessing the severity of depression in Spanish clinical population.
Psychological assessment in Spain has undergone considerable development and, therefore, psychologists working in clinical forensic settings have at their disposal a very large armamentarium of psychological tests. Consequently, one of the tasks faced by these psychologists is to decide which specific test should be used in a forensic assessment given. This decision involves, first, determining the objectives of the forensic evaluation and the population to which the assessed person belongs to, and, second, to assess the adequacy of test characteristics and interpretations of test measures to those objectives and that population. To make this assessment, Heilbrun (1992) proposed seven guidelines that take into account psychometric criteria as well as criteria of availability, documentation, administration, interpretation and relevance to forensic issues. In this paper, those guidelines have been updated, expanded and specified with the ultimate goal that they can be of assistance to Spanish psychologists working in clinical forensic settings. Finally, in order to illustrate their usefulness, an analysis based on these guidelines is carried out on the most commonly used tests for assessing the severity of depression in Spanish clinical population.