Publication: Obtención de los alcoholes de aceite de jojoba utilizando óxido de calcio derivado de fuentes naturales
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2016-04-05
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
Actualmente, una gran parte de la investigación está relacionada con la generación de productos con un alto valor añadido a partir de materias primas renovables que sean rentables económicamente y que no dañen al medio ambiente. Por otra parte, los biocombustibles se presentan como una fuente de energía que puede sustituir en gran medida a los combustibles fósiles. En esta tesis, se han aunado estos dos conceptos para la concepción de una biorefinería a partir de aceite de jojoba usando óxido de calcio, derivado de fuentes naturales, de la calcinación de conchas de bivalvos para la producción de alcoholes monoinsaturados de cadena larga como producto principal y biodiesel como subproducto. Estos alcoholes monoinsaturados tienen un alto valor añadido en el mercado ya que tienen aplicaciones farmacológicas debido a que actúan de forma satisfactoria contra los virus de envuelta como la gripe, la Hepatitis C o el SIDA. Inicialmente, el estudio se basó en la comparativa de las distintas vías catalíticas para la metanolisis de un aceite convencional, como el aceite de soja, y de un aceite alternativo, que en este caso fue el aceite de jojoba. En el caso del aceite de Jojoba destaca su composición química totalmente diferente a los aceites convencionales, debido a que en vez de estar formado por triglicéridos, su composición se basa en ésteres de cadena larga. Por lo tanto, la metanolisis del aceite de Jojoba no genera glicerina como subproducto sino que en este caso el subproducto generado son los metilésteres de ácidos grasos junto con el aceite no reaccionado. Debido a que no se produce glicerina, la etapa de decantación se elimina del proceso convencional y por lo tanto, no se arrastra gran parte del catalizador homogéneo en dicho proceso de decantación...
Nowadays, most part of research is focused on the production of high addedvalue products from renewable raw materials. This way, the conventional process can be substituted for an alternative system which is more convenient from an economical and environmental point of view. In addition, biofuels suppose a favorable possibility in the reduction of the global oil consumption. In this manuscript, these two concepts have been combined in the design of a jojoba oil biorefinery using CaO derived from the calcination of mussel shells where long-chain monounsaturated alcohols are obtained as a main product and biodiesel is obtained as a by co-product. These longchain monounsaturated alcohols are products with a high added-value products since they have pharmaceutical applications for the treatment of enveloped viruses such as the flu, Hepatitis C or AIDS. Initially, the study was based on the comparative analysis from different catalytic paths in a conventional oil methanolysis (soybean oil) and an alternative oil methanolysis (jojoba oil). The composition of the jojoba oil is totally different from the soybean oil because it is not formed by triglycerides but by long-chain esters. Therefore, there is no glycerol production in the methanolysis of jojoba oil but fatty acid methyl esters together with unreacted jojoba oil. Due to the fact that glycerol is not produced when jojoba oil is transesterified, the decantation step is removed in the process and therefore most of the homogeneous catalyst remains in the reactor...
Nowadays, most part of research is focused on the production of high addedvalue products from renewable raw materials. This way, the conventional process can be substituted for an alternative system which is more convenient from an economical and environmental point of view. In addition, biofuels suppose a favorable possibility in the reduction of the global oil consumption. In this manuscript, these two concepts have been combined in the design of a jojoba oil biorefinery using CaO derived from the calcination of mussel shells where long-chain monounsaturated alcohols are obtained as a main product and biodiesel is obtained as a by co-product. These longchain monounsaturated alcohols are products with a high added-value products since they have pharmaceutical applications for the treatment of enveloped viruses such as the flu, Hepatitis C or AIDS. Initially, the study was based on the comparative analysis from different catalytic paths in a conventional oil methanolysis (soybean oil) and an alternative oil methanolysis (jojoba oil). The composition of the jojoba oil is totally different from the soybean oil because it is not formed by triglycerides but by long-chain esters. Therefore, there is no glycerol production in the methanolysis of jojoba oil but fatty acid methyl esters together with unreacted jojoba oil. Due to the fact that glycerol is not produced when jojoba oil is transesterified, the decantation step is removed in the process and therefore most of the homogeneous catalyst remains in the reactor...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, leída el 16-10-2015