Publication: Inversión extranjera directa, identificando los "sipllovers": el caso del sector de manufactura de Costa Rica
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2016-04-27
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
El incremento en los flujos de inversión extranjera directa (IED) en los últimos años, la ejecución en zonas con ciertas capacidades de absorción y su transformación como componente fundamental en las estrategias de desarrollo económico, hacen más apremiante la investigación sobre los beneficios de la IED en la economía receptora; siendo importante indagar en contextos particulares, como es el caso de la concurrente investigación, en países menos avanzados. El presente estudio intenta precisar los spillovers de la IED en la economía costarricense -en particular, en el sector de manufactura-, empleando, en primera instancia, los métodos tradicionales de evaluación de los spillovers a través de un modelo estático para, seguidamente, en una segunda fase, evaluar los spillovers mediante una especificación dinámica. En virtud de la evidencia analizada, se desprenden las siguientes conclusiones: se interpreta que las capacidades tecnológicas de las empresas extranjeras resultan superiores a las de las empresas locales, considerándose que las primeras realizan una mayor inversión en Investigación y Desarrollo (I +D) y que muestran un importante número de patentes o efectúan procesos productivos intensivos en tecnología, no obstante el potencial científico y tecnológico del país. En segundo lugar, y de acuerdo al examen realizado en el presente estudio, se ha identificado cierta aglomeración en el sector electrónico y eléctrico: en particular, empresas de manufactura avanzada tales como aquellas de dispositivos médicos, las de componentes electrónicos y las fabricantes de componentes automotrices, fenómeno asociado a la instalación de empresas multinacionales y a la expansión del sector servicios de alta tecnología; desprendiéndose a partir de la investigación algunas certidumbres tales como que las empresas con Inversión Extranjera Directa (IED) muestran una tendencia creciente en variables tales como el gasto promedio en I + D, en la participación en la producción y las exportaciones, el nivel empleo (temporal de profesionales, ingenieros u otras ciencias), interpretándose que las empresas extranjeras son más eficientes que las empresas locales; infiriéndose de lo inmediatamente anterior que la inversión extranjera directa (IED) se ha canalizado hacia los sectores más productivos y a las empresas más eficientes...
The increase in foreign direct investment (FDI) in recent years, the implementation in areas with certain absorption capacities and its transformation as a key component in the economic development strategies, make research more pressing on the benefits of FDI in the host economy; It is important to investigate in particular contexts, such as concurrent research in less developed ountries. The present study examines the presence of spillovers of FDI in Costa Rica's economy particularly in the manufacturing sector, employing in the first instance, using the traditional methods of spillovers evalution through a static model to then, in a second phase, through a dynamic specification. Under the evidence reviewed, the following conclusions: it is interpreted that the technological capabilities of foreign firms are higher than those of local companies, considering that the first made more investment in research and development (R&D) and showing a significant number of patents or made in technology intensive production processes, however the scientific and technological potential of the country. Secondly, according to the review in the present study, it was identified certain agglomeration in the electronic and electrical industry: including advanced manufacturing companies such as those of medical devices, electronic components and component manufacturers automotive, associated with the installation of multinational enterprises and the expansion of high-tech service sector phenomenon shedding from some certainties research firms such as foreign direct investment (FDI) show an increasing trend in variables such as spending average R&D, participation in production and exports, employment level ( temporary professionals , engineers or other sciences), interpreting that foreign firms are more efficient local firms; inferring what immediately preceding the foreign direct investment ( FDI) has been channeled to the most productive sectors and more efficient firms...
The increase in foreign direct investment (FDI) in recent years, the implementation in areas with certain absorption capacities and its transformation as a key component in the economic development strategies, make research more pressing on the benefits of FDI in the host economy; It is important to investigate in particular contexts, such as concurrent research in less developed ountries. The present study examines the presence of spillovers of FDI in Costa Rica's economy particularly in the manufacturing sector, employing in the first instance, using the traditional methods of spillovers evalution through a static model to then, in a second phase, through a dynamic specification. Under the evidence reviewed, the following conclusions: it is interpreted that the technological capabilities of foreign firms are higher than those of local companies, considering that the first made more investment in research and development (R&D) and showing a significant number of patents or made in technology intensive production processes, however the scientific and technological potential of the country. Secondly, according to the review in the present study, it was identified certain agglomeration in the electronic and electrical industry: including advanced manufacturing companies such as those of medical devices, electronic components and component manufacturers automotive, associated with the installation of multinational enterprises and the expansion of high-tech service sector phenomenon shedding from some certainties research firms such as foreign direct investment (FDI) show an increasing trend in variables such as spending average R&D, participation in production and exports, employment level ( temporary professionals , engineers or other sciences), interpreting that foreign firms are more efficient local firms; inferring what immediately preceding the foreign direct investment ( FDI) has been channeled to the most productive sectors and more efficient firms...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales, leída el 16-12-2015