Publication:
Russian technological specialization Comparison with BRICs and EU.

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2014
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Instituto Complutense de Estudios Internacionales (ICEI)
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Russia, with its long scientific tradition and an extremely large R&D base, had been one of the major contributors to the world’s knowledge during decades of years. But the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, and the transition to a market economy, radically affected the national R&D system that existed in USSR. The main target of this paper is exploring technological specialization pattern of Russian manufacturing industry (26 sectors under observation) during the period of 1994-2008. For achievement this goal, firstly, using U.S. Patent and Trademark Office as the source of data for empirical investigation I try to find out if there were great changes in Russian manufacturing sectors’ technological specialization connected with its re-orientation from military to civil needs. Secondly, dividing Russian manufacturing sectors in four groups (“Dynamic specialization”, “Static specialization”, “Lost opportunities” and “Retreat”) I examine the nature of Russian technological specialization’s changes and its relation with international technological changes. And thirdly, I provide comparison between technological specialization’s models of Russian Federation, other countries of “BRIC”, European Nordic Innovation leaders (Denmark, Finland and Sweden) and European Southern Moderate Innovators (Italy and Spain).
Russia, con su larga tradición científica y extremadamente intensa base de I+D, ha sido uno de los mayores contribuyentes al mundo del conocimiento durante décadas. Pero el colapso de la Unión Soviética en 1991, y la transición hacia una economía de mercado, afectó radicalmente al sistema nacional de innovación que existía en la URSS. El principal objetivo de este papeR es explorar el patrón de especialización tecnológica de la industria manufacturera rusa (26 sectores bajo observación) durante el periodo 1994-2008. Para alcanzar este objetivo, primero usaremos los datos procedentes de la oficina de patentes de Estados Unidos como fuente de datos para el análisis empírico para detectar si hubo grandes cambios en los sectores de manufacturas rusos y su especialización tecnológica y su reorientación desde las necesidades militares a las civiles. En segundo lugar, dividimos los sectores manufactureros en cuatro grupos (de especialización dinámica, de especialización estática, de oportunidades perdidas y en retroceso). Examinamos la naturaleza de los cambios de la especialización tecnológica rusa y su relación con los cambios tecnológicos internacionales. En tercer lugar, realizamos una comparación entre los modelos de especialización tecnológica de la Federación Rusa con otros grupos de países como BRIC, líderes europeos como los países nórdicos (dinamarca, Finlandia y Suecia) y otros más moderados como Italia o España.
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