Publication: Desarrollo histórico de la administración electrónica en España previo a internet, y su relación al caso de hacienda del gobierno español
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2016-05-03
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
La presente investigación trata el recorrido histórico del desarrollo de la Administración electrónica en España, desde sus inicios hasta la aparición de Internet. Este período correspondería a una primera parte de un desarrollo informático de la Administración, el cual continúa en el presente, siendo ahora más visible para la ciudadanía en la forma de e-Government gracias a Internet como herramienta principal (e-Government vendría ser un segundo período del mencionado desarrollo). Antes de Internet el usuario principal de la e-Administración era el administrador, y posterior a Internet es el administrado. Este primer período se encuentra poco estudiado, y por ello se hace una revisión exhaustiva del fenémeno desde una visión netamente administrativa. Para su análisis se toma el caso del Ministerio de Hacienda, emblema de los éxitos en e-Administración en España, para a partir de su experiencia abordar lo ocurrido en el resto de áreas de la Administración General del Estado en las cuales no se produjeron éxitos del mismo nivel. Se observan dos momentos importantes durante este primer período de informatización de la Administración. El primero contenido durante las décadas de 1950 y 1960, caracterizado por la observación de experiencias en el extranjero, la discusión, y la puesta en marcha de algunas pruebas piloto, entre ellas el Centro de Proceso de Datos de Hacienda. El segundo momento, contenido en las décadas de 1970 y 1980, muestran el despegue de la informatización administrativa española, poniéndose en marcha diversos proyectos con dispares resultados, junto con la implantación de una ofimática acorde a los avances tecnológicos y necesidades administrativas. La revisión de este desarrollo muestra cómo ciertos factores administrativos, más allá de lo tecnológico, determinaron los éxitos o fracasos de los diferentes proyectos. Se encontraron elementos significativos, en las dimensiones normativa y organizacional, que influyeron significativamente en los procesos del desarrollo informático español.
This research covers the historical development of the Spanish e-Administration from it’s beginnings until the emergence of the Internet. This period includes what could be considered the first part of an ongoing IT development. The second period would be the one ocurring nowadays, being more visible to the public in the form of e-Government through the use of the Internet as it’s main tool. The first period has not been studied as much, and therefore a thorough review of the matter was made neccesary to understand it from a purely administrative view. Spain’s Ministry of Treasury is it’s emblem of success in e-Administration development, therefore it’s experience will guide as a mean of comparisson to get to know what happened in most areas of the government, in which there were no succesess at the same level as Treasury. This first period of e-Administration development could be defined by two different consecutive fases. The first corresponds to everything that took place during the 1950s and 1960s, and it is characterized by the observation of experiences of administrations from abroad, a lot of discussion, and the implementation of a few pilot experiences which included the Data Processing Centre of the Ministry of Treasury. The second one is defined by everything that was done during the decades of 1970 and 1980, and shows the jump start of the Spanish e-Administration with the implementation of several projects which presented mixed results. The review of this development shows how different administrative factors determined the success or failure of the various projects, beyond the technological imperative. Significant elements were found from the legal and organizational dimensions which crucially influenced Spain’s e-Administration.
This research covers the historical development of the Spanish e-Administration from it’s beginnings until the emergence of the Internet. This period includes what could be considered the first part of an ongoing IT development. The second period would be the one ocurring nowadays, being more visible to the public in the form of e-Government through the use of the Internet as it’s main tool. The first period has not been studied as much, and therefore a thorough review of the matter was made neccesary to understand it from a purely administrative view. Spain’s Ministry of Treasury is it’s emblem of success in e-Administration development, therefore it’s experience will guide as a mean of comparisson to get to know what happened in most areas of the government, in which there were no succesess at the same level as Treasury. This first period of e-Administration development could be defined by two different consecutive fases. The first corresponds to everything that took place during the 1950s and 1960s, and it is characterized by the observation of experiences of administrations from abroad, a lot of discussion, and the implementation of a few pilot experiences which included the Data Processing Centre of the Ministry of Treasury. The second one is defined by everything that was done during the decades of 1970 and 1980, and shows the jump start of the Spanish e-Administration with the implementation of several projects which presented mixed results. The review of this development shows how different administrative factors determined the success or failure of the various projects, beyond the technological imperative. Significant elements were found from the legal and organizational dimensions which crucially influenced Spain’s e-Administration.
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Políticas y Sociología, Departamento de Ciencia Política y de la Administración II, leída el 05-11-2015