Publication: Delincuencia juvenil y control social en el Chile neoliberal
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2016-05-03
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
Esta investigación, presentada como tesis doctoral, intenta describir la configuración social de un sujeto marginal. Queremos mostrar que el campo de la delincuencia de los menores de edad está estructurado sobre la base de la exclusión social y la estigmatización de un conjunto particular de niños y adolescentes, pertenecientes a los sectores sociales más desfavorecidos. La hipótesis central que defendemos, es que la delincuencia de menores depende de la formación de un campo institucional de saberes y poderes, con una inscripción jurídica, institucional, que produce un sujeto social no integrado por la educación o por el trabajo; criminalizado por la actuación de los organismos de control; desacreditado en su identidad y expuesto como un “otro” antisocial y violento, en repetidos rituales mediáticos. El objetivo subyacente, es elaborar a propósito de la delincuencia de los menores y su control, una concepción multidimensional y compleja del problema de la desafiliación. En este caso, podemos ver que ésta se juega, en un primer nivel, como no integración en el mercado y en las instituciones. En un segundo nivel, en un campo institucional disciplinario y penal, como estigmatización y criminalización. En un tercer nivel, en lo ideológico y mediático, en la conformación de un “otro” marginal. En un cuarto nivel, en lo subjetivo/biográfico, en la identidad estigmatizada de un sujeto inmerso en una trayectoria y en medio de dilemas y encrucijadas en que se decide su integración social. Partimos de una descripción amplia del campo actual del control del delito de los menores de edad, para centrarnos luego en una caracterización del sistema de la ley de responsabilidad penal de adolescentes, indagar en sus orígenes para comprender la lógica de su funcionamiento actual, evaluar sus resultados y exponer los efectos que tiene sobre los niños y adolescentes. La tesis termina con un acercamiento a la identidad de los jóvenes condenados, a lo que dicen sobre sí mismos y sobre sus vidas, y lo que opinan los educadores y otros adultos que trabajan con ellos sobre sus procesos de reinserción social..
This doctoral dissertation aims to describe the social setting of a marginal subject. We aim to show that youth crime is structured on the basis of social exclusion and the stigmatization of a particular group of children and adolescents, belonging to the most disadvantaged social sectors. The central hypothesis that we defend is that youth crime depends on the formation of an institutional field of knowledge and power, with a legal and institutional inscription, which produces a social subject not integrated by education or work. In particular, this is a subject criminalized by governing bodies, discredited in its identity and presented as an anti-social and violent "other" in repeated media depictions. The underlying goal is to develop a multi-layered and complex understanding of youth crime and processes of disidentification. In this case, firstly, we can see that this disidentification is played out as a lack of integration in the market and institutions. Secondly, it is also performed in the institutional disciplinary and criminal field by means of stigmatization and criminalization. The third level looks at the active role of ideology and media in shaping a marginal “other”. Finally, the fourth level focuses on the subjective/biographical and stigmatized identity of a subject that is immersed in the midst of dilemmas and crossroads which determine its social integration. Part One presents a description of the current field of control of youth crime. Part Two moves on a characterization of the legal system of adolescent criminal responsibility. In this second part we investigate the origins of the legal system in order to understand the logics of its current functioning, enabling us to evaluate and denounce its effects on children and adolescents. The thesis ends with an analysis of convicted youths’ accounts of themselves and their lives, and the accounts of educators and other adults who work alongside them in processes of social reintegration...
This doctoral dissertation aims to describe the social setting of a marginal subject. We aim to show that youth crime is structured on the basis of social exclusion and the stigmatization of a particular group of children and adolescents, belonging to the most disadvantaged social sectors. The central hypothesis that we defend is that youth crime depends on the formation of an institutional field of knowledge and power, with a legal and institutional inscription, which produces a social subject not integrated by education or work. In particular, this is a subject criminalized by governing bodies, discredited in its identity and presented as an anti-social and violent "other" in repeated media depictions. The underlying goal is to develop a multi-layered and complex understanding of youth crime and processes of disidentification. In this case, firstly, we can see that this disidentification is played out as a lack of integration in the market and institutions. Secondly, it is also performed in the institutional disciplinary and criminal field by means of stigmatization and criminalization. The third level looks at the active role of ideology and media in shaping a marginal “other”. Finally, the fourth level focuses on the subjective/biographical and stigmatized identity of a subject that is immersed in the midst of dilemmas and crossroads which determine its social integration. Part One presents a description of the current field of control of youth crime. Part Two moves on a characterization of the legal system of adolescent criminal responsibility. In this second part we investigate the origins of the legal system in order to understand the logics of its current functioning, enabling us to evaluate and denounce its effects on children and adolescents. The thesis ends with an analysis of convicted youths’ accounts of themselves and their lives, and the accounts of educators and other adults who work alongside them in processes of social reintegration...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Políticas y Sociología, Departamento de Sociología IV, leída el 30-11-2015