Publication: Análisis de la victimización en el acoso escolar: nuevas aportaciones sobre la influencia del rechazo social y del retraimiento
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2016-05-10
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
La presente tesis se ha centrado en el estudio de la victimización en el acoso escolar teniendo en consideración por un lado, el efecto de una variable de personalidad como es el retraimiento de las víctimas, y por otro, el papel que juega una variable de tipo contextual como es el rechazo de los iguales. Estas dos variables constituyen un aspecto nuclear de la victimización en el acoso escolar. Para ello se han diseñado tres investigaciones independientes pero considerando el rechazo social y el retraimiento como doble nexo común a estudiar en todas ellas, con el objetivo de profundizar en el conocimiento de la influencia que muestran sobre la victimización. Asimismo, se pretende facilitar la búsqueda de las herramientas más eficaces que favorezcan una intervención más adecuada en la erradicación de este problema escolar. En la primera investigación, se analizó el grado de influencia del apoyo social, el rechazo de los pares así como las conductas de retraimiento e impulsividad de las víctimas sobre los niveles de depresión. Para ello se realizó un análisis mediante dos modelos jerárquicos de regresión lineal utilizando el método de pasos sucesivos en una muestra de 1.063 alumnos (47.8 % de chicas; M = 11.59 años, DT = 1.21 años) de los últimos cursos de primaria (4º y 5º curso) y los primeros de secundaria (1º y 2º curso) recogidos en 10 centros educativos de la Comunidad de Madrid. Los resultados mostraron una asociación positiva entre la falta de apoyo social y la depresión en las víctimas. El rechazo de los iguales, sin embargo, no mostró influencia sobre los niveles de depresión de las víctimas. Al mismo tiempo, las víctimas con retraimiento, habitualmente asociadas al tipo pasivo, mostraron mayores niveles de depresión que aquellas víctimas con impulsividad, habitualmente asociadas con un perfil de tipo activo La segunda investigación se centró en estudiar la estabilidad de la victimización considerando de nuevo el rechazo de los pares y el retraimiento a lo largo de un curso escolar. Para este estudio se utilizó una muestra de 370 estudiantes (50 % de chicas) de Educación Primaria y Secundaria de la Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid con edades comprendidas entre los 9 y los 15 años (M=11.18, DT= 2.11). Se tomaron dos medidas, al principio y final del curso escolar...
This thesis is focused on the study of victimization in bullying, taking into account on the one hand, the effect of the social withdrawal as a personal variable, and on the other hand the peer rejection, a social context variable. These two variables constitute a nuclear aspect of victimization. Three independent investigations have been designed taking into consideration social rejection and withdrawal as a double common link, with the main aim of analyzing the influence of these two variables on the victimization. Furthermore this research aim to facilitate the search for the most effective tools in order to design appropriate interventions to finish with this problem in schools. The first research was based on the analysis by two hierarchical linear regression models, using the method of successive steps in a sample of 1.063 students (47.8% for girls) M = 11.59 years, SD = 1.21 years) of the last years of primary (4 th and 5 th course) and the first courses in high school (1st and 2nd course) collected in 10 schools of the Madrid Community. We examined in turns, the influence of social support, peers rejection, social withdrawal and impulsive behaviors in victimized students, and its relationship to depression. The results showed a positive association between the lack of social support and depression in the victims. Peers rejection, however, showed no influence on levels of depression on victims. At the same time, social withdrawal, associated with the victimization of passive type, showed greater association with depression compared with impulsiveness that is associated with an active type of victimization. The second research focused on studying the stability of victimization considering peer rejection and social withdrawal throughout a school year. For this study we used a sample of 370 students (50% of girls) in primary and secondary school of the autonomous community of Madrid with ages ranging between 9 and 15 years (M = 11.18, SD = 2.11). Two measures were taken at the beginning and at the end of the school year. For the data analysis were considered sex, educational level and the three most common types of victimization: verbal, physical, and social...
This thesis is focused on the study of victimization in bullying, taking into account on the one hand, the effect of the social withdrawal as a personal variable, and on the other hand the peer rejection, a social context variable. These two variables constitute a nuclear aspect of victimization. Three independent investigations have been designed taking into consideration social rejection and withdrawal as a double common link, with the main aim of analyzing the influence of these two variables on the victimization. Furthermore this research aim to facilitate the search for the most effective tools in order to design appropriate interventions to finish with this problem in schools. The first research was based on the analysis by two hierarchical linear regression models, using the method of successive steps in a sample of 1.063 students (47.8% for girls) M = 11.59 years, SD = 1.21 years) of the last years of primary (4 th and 5 th course) and the first courses in high school (1st and 2nd course) collected in 10 schools of the Madrid Community. We examined in turns, the influence of social support, peers rejection, social withdrawal and impulsive behaviors in victimized students, and its relationship to depression. The results showed a positive association between the lack of social support and depression in the victims. Peers rejection, however, showed no influence on levels of depression on victims. At the same time, social withdrawal, associated with the victimization of passive type, showed greater association with depression compared with impulsiveness that is associated with an active type of victimization. The second research focused on studying the stability of victimization considering peer rejection and social withdrawal throughout a school year. For this study we used a sample of 370 students (50% of girls) in primary and secondary school of the autonomous community of Madrid with ages ranging between 9 and 15 years (M = 11.18, SD = 2.11). Two measures were taken at the beginning and at the end of the school year. For the data analysis were considered sex, educational level and the three most common types of victimization: verbal, physical, and social...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Psicología, Departamento de Psicología Evolutiva y de la Educación, leída el 13-01-2016