Publication: Contribuciones de la atención y el funcionamiento ejecutivo a la memoria episódica en jóvenes con consumo intensivo de alcohol
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2016-05-10
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Abstract
La ingesta de bebidas alcohólicas se convierte en un problema social ya que su aceptación cultural fomenta su uso generalizado, frecuente y sin control; de esta forma, se desencadenan efectos adversos de distinta índole producidos por un consumo de tipo desmedido. La tendencia actual indica que el inicio del consumo de alcohol se da a edad temprana, normalmente durante la adolescencia. El estilo de consumo juvenil se caracteriza por la ingesta de grandes cantidades de alcohol en un plazo corto de tiempo, generalmente en fin de semana, que alterna periodos de embriaguez con abstinencia entre los episodios de consumo. Este consumo intensivo de alcohol (CIA) constituye un riesgo para la salud de los jóvenes, quienes se encuentran en una importante etapa de neuromaduración, lo que les predispone a sufrir variaciones estructurales y funcionales en su sistema nervioso. En estas edades algunas capacidades como la memoria episódica y las funciones ejecutivas están en un estado de especialización y los circuitos neurofuncionales que les sustentan pueden ser vulnerables a factores perjudiciales como el consumo intensivo de alcohol. Nuestro objetivo principal es conocer el efecto del consumo intensivo de alcohol (CIA) en jóvenes sobre el rendimiento en memora episódica, atención y funciones ejecutivas así como en qué medida afecta a la relación entre estos procesos. Para llevar a cabo nuestro trabajo, contamos con la participación de estudiantes de primer curso de universidad. El nivel de consumo se determino mediante el cálculo de la concentración más alta de alcohol en sangre (BAC) estimada en un único episodio de consumo. La muestra final contó con 161 sujetos, 76 CIA (40 varones y 36 mujeres) y 85 No CIA (38 varones y 47 mujeres) que fueron convocados a una evaluación neuropsicológica. El objetivo general de nuestro trabajo lo hemos concretado en cinco objetivos específicos que enumeramos a continuación junto con los resultados obtenidos en cada uno de ellos...
The intake of alcoholic beverages becomes a social problem as cultural acceptance promotes its widespread, frequent and uncontrolled use; thus, the excessive consumption produces different adverse effects. The current trend indicates that the beginning of alcohol consumption occurs at young age, usually during adolescence. The style of youth consumption is characterized by drinking large quantities of alcohol in a short term, usually on weekend, alternating periods of abstinence with episodes of intense consumption. Intensive alcohol consumption, Anglo-Saxon literature names it binge drinking (BD), constitutes a risk to young people health, which are at an important stage of neural ripeness, and predisposes them to be subject of structural and functional changes in their nervous system. At those ages, some capabilities such as episodic memory and executive functions are in a specialization state, as well as the neurofunctional transmitters that support them may be vulnerable to harmful factors such as intensive alcohol consumption. The main objective of this study is to know the effect of intense alcohol consumption in young people, on their performance in episodic memory, attention, and executive functions as well as it affects the relationship among those processes. In order to carry out our work, we have the participation of first course undergraduates from the Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM). The consumption level was determined by calculating the highest blood alcohol concentration (BAC) estimated in a single episode of consumption. The final sample consisted of 161 subjects who were convened to a neuropsychological assessment. 76 subjects were BD (40 males and 36 females) while 85 subjects were No BD (38 males and 47 females)...
The intake of alcoholic beverages becomes a social problem as cultural acceptance promotes its widespread, frequent and uncontrolled use; thus, the excessive consumption produces different adverse effects. The current trend indicates that the beginning of alcohol consumption occurs at young age, usually during adolescence. The style of youth consumption is characterized by drinking large quantities of alcohol in a short term, usually on weekend, alternating periods of abstinence with episodes of intense consumption. Intensive alcohol consumption, Anglo-Saxon literature names it binge drinking (BD), constitutes a risk to young people health, which are at an important stage of neural ripeness, and predisposes them to be subject of structural and functional changes in their nervous system. At those ages, some capabilities such as episodic memory and executive functions are in a specialization state, as well as the neurofunctional transmitters that support them may be vulnerable to harmful factors such as intensive alcohol consumption. The main objective of this study is to know the effect of intense alcohol consumption in young people, on their performance in episodic memory, attention, and executive functions as well as it affects the relationship among those processes. In order to carry out our work, we have the participation of first course undergraduates from the Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM). The consumption level was determined by calculating the highest blood alcohol concentration (BAC) estimated in a single episode of consumption. The final sample consisted of 161 subjects who were convened to a neuropsychological assessment. 76 subjects were BD (40 males and 36 females) while 85 subjects were No BD (38 males and 47 females)...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Psicología, Departamento de Psicobiología, leída el 22-01-2016