Publication: Evaluación de la eficacia de un programa de intervención psicológica para el tratamiento del consumo de drogas en menores infractores y su influencia en la reincidencia delictiva
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2016-05-10
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
Una de las principales conclusiones que se puede extraer de las investigaciones desarrolladas en los últimos años sobre consumo de drogas y delincuencia en jóvenes es que los factores de riesgo significativos para el uso de sustancias y para la conducta antisocial no son muy distintos a lo largo del desarrollo del individuo, motivo por el cual encontrarse en situación de riesgo para uno de ellos es como encontrarse en situación de riesgo para el otro (McMurran, 2006). Los estudios realizados recientemente para determinar la prevalencia de los consumos de drogas en menores infractores muestran una tasa mucho más elevada de consumos de drogas que en la población general (Velilla, 2013). No solo se pude destacar que la prevalencia sea mayor sino que la severidad de los problemas contraídos por los consumos de drogas en la población infractora son más severos. Además, como describe Cerón (2013), existen diferencias significativas entre los menores infractores y la población normal en inclinación al abuso de sustancias. En España, los profesionales que trabajan en el ámbito de la delincuencia juvenil presentan la obligación de poner en práctica las exigencias que establece la actual Ley de Responsabilidad Penal de los Menores, L - 5/2000 (Boletín Oficial del Estado, 2000). Una de las más importantes es la necesidad de aplicar programas de tratamiento con las mayores garantías posibles de eficacia. En la actualidad no existe ningún programa de intervención integral adaptado a la población española que haya demostrado empíricamente su eficacia a la hora de reducir los problemas asociados al consumo de drogas en menores infractores. La presente tesis doctoral nace con el objetivo de desarrollar un programa de intervención en el consumo, abuso y dependencia de drogas en menores infractores, su adaptación a este colectivo y la cuantificación de su eficacia. Del mismo modo, también se pretende determinar que variables influyen en mayor medida en la reincidencia delictiva de los participantes evaluados, realizando hincapié en el análisis de la variable consumo de drogas. Para ello se redactó el Programa de Tratamiento Educativo y Terapéutico para el Consumo de Drogas en Menores Infractores (Graña y Fernández-Moreno, 2015), el cual es una intervención estructurada de corte cognitivo-conductual fundamentada en la Entrevista Motivacional con un formato de aplicación grupal. Se ha completado el programa con la redacción de sesiones orientadas al trabajo con las familias y sesiones de seguimiento tras la intervención...
One of the main conclusions which can be reached of the research developed in the last years about the drug use and delinquency in youth is that significant risk factors for substance use and antisocial behavior are not very different throughout the individual’s progress. This is the reason why being at a risk situation for one of them is such as being at a risk situation for the other as well (McMurran, 2006). Recent studies made to determinate the prevalence of the drug use by young offenders show a much higher rate of drug use than in the general population (Velilla, 2013). It can not only be highlighted that the prevalence is bigger but also that the severity of incurred problems due to drug use in the offender population is even more severe. Besides, according to Cerón’s description (2013), there are significant differences between young offenders and normal population regarding to the tendency for the abuse of substances. In Spain, those professionals who worked in the field of juvenile delinquency have the obligation of implementing the requirements established according to the Law of Criminal Responsibility of Minors, L-5/2000 (Official State Bulletin, 2000). One of the most important requirements is the necessity to implement treatment programs with strongest guarantees of effectiveness. Nowadays there is not any program of integral intervention adapted to Spanish population which has demonstrated empirically its efficacy to reduce the problems linked with drug use in young offenders. This Thesis has been done with the purpose to develop a program of intervention on the drug use, its overuse and dependency in young offenders, their adjustment and the quantification of its efficacy. In the same way, it also aims to determine which factors have more influence on the recidivism of the evaluated subjects, highlighting the analysis of drug use variable. To this end, it was designed the Program for Educational and Therapeutic Treatment for Drug Abuse in Young Offenders (Graña y Fernández-Moreno, 2015) which is a cognitive-behavioral structured intervention based on Motivational Interview with group application format. The program has been completed with geared sessions to work with families and monitoring sessions after the intervention. Treatment program has been applied to 132 young people in 15 groups since the end of 2010. In order to validate its efficacy, results obtained from the pre- and post-treatments were comparing to each other between an experimental group and other control group...
One of the main conclusions which can be reached of the research developed in the last years about the drug use and delinquency in youth is that significant risk factors for substance use and antisocial behavior are not very different throughout the individual’s progress. This is the reason why being at a risk situation for one of them is such as being at a risk situation for the other as well (McMurran, 2006). Recent studies made to determinate the prevalence of the drug use by young offenders show a much higher rate of drug use than in the general population (Velilla, 2013). It can not only be highlighted that the prevalence is bigger but also that the severity of incurred problems due to drug use in the offender population is even more severe. Besides, according to Cerón’s description (2013), there are significant differences between young offenders and normal population regarding to the tendency for the abuse of substances. In Spain, those professionals who worked in the field of juvenile delinquency have the obligation of implementing the requirements established according to the Law of Criminal Responsibility of Minors, L-5/2000 (Official State Bulletin, 2000). One of the most important requirements is the necessity to implement treatment programs with strongest guarantees of effectiveness. Nowadays there is not any program of integral intervention adapted to Spanish population which has demonstrated empirically its efficacy to reduce the problems linked with drug use in young offenders. This Thesis has been done with the purpose to develop a program of intervention on the drug use, its overuse and dependency in young offenders, their adjustment and the quantification of its efficacy. In the same way, it also aims to determine which factors have more influence on the recidivism of the evaluated subjects, highlighting the analysis of drug use variable. To this end, it was designed the Program for Educational and Therapeutic Treatment for Drug Abuse in Young Offenders (Graña y Fernández-Moreno, 2015) which is a cognitive-behavioral structured intervention based on Motivational Interview with group application format. The program has been completed with geared sessions to work with families and monitoring sessions after the intervention. Treatment program has been applied to 132 young people in 15 groups since the end of 2010. In order to validate its efficacy, results obtained from the pre- and post-treatments were comparing to each other between an experimental group and other control group...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Psicología, leída el 15-12-2015