Publication: Adaptación psicométrica de los cuestionarios "Trauma Symptom Checklist for Children" (TSCC) y "Trauma Symptom Checklist for Young Children" (TSCYC) en una muestra española de víctimas de abuso sexual infantil
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2016-05-14
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
El maltrato infantil y el abuso sexual, como tipo de maltrato en la infancia, supone un problema social que ha estado presente a lo largo de la historia, en todos los países, culturas, estratos sociales. El abuso sexual infantil ha presentado dificultades para su definición al no existir un acuerdo único y darse diferencias sobre los criterios definitorios. Las definiciones propuestas han sido múltiples, algunas son más restrictivas, mientras que otras tienen una perspectiva más amplia. Una de las definiciones más ampliamente usada y aceptada internacionalmente ha sido la propuesta por la OMS (2001), al incorporar los criterios de que el menor se encuentra inmerso en actividades o comportamientos para los que no se encuentra preparado ni física ni psicológicamente, sin disponer de la capacidad de consentimiento, transgrediendo la legislación vigente en cada país (Stoltenborgh, Van Ijendoorn, Euser y Bakermans-Kranenbirg, 2011, en Amado, Arce y Herraiz, 2015). En el campo de la investigación social, la mayoría de profesionales hacen uso de los criterios propuestos por Finkelhor y Hotaling (1984), ratificados en España por López (1994). Dichos conceptos han sido el de coerción y la asimetría de edad o diferencias a nivel madurativo, lo que conlleva a una incapacidad a una libre decisión. Dado que el abuso sexual se suele dar en la más estricta intimidad, resulta realmente complicado cuantificar y estimar su prevalencia e incidencia, dada la denominada “cifra negra” de este tipo de situaciones, puesto que parte de los casos no se han denunciado o ni siquiera se han notificado. A pesar de ello, algunos estudios, como el meta-analítico realizado por Pereda, Guilera, Forns y Gómez-Benito (2009), han notificado una prevalencia de entre 7,4% en el caso de los niños y del 19,2% en las niñas...
Child abuse, more specifically sexual offences, as a form of abuse during childhood, is a social problem that has been present throughout history, in all countries, cultures and social strata. Because there isńt a clear agreement and due to the differences on the defining criteria, child sexual abuse presents great difficulties to be defined. The proposed definitions are multiple; some are more restrictive, whilst others have a broader perspective. One of the most widely used and internationally accepted definitions is the one proposed by the World Health Organisation (WHO) in 2001, which incorporates the criteria that the child is immersed in activities or behaviours for which he or she is neither physically nor psychologically prepared, without having the ability to consent, and therefore transgressing every country's law (Stoltenborgh, Van Ijendoorn, Euser and Bakermans-Kranenbirg, 2011, in Amado, Arce & Herraiz, 2015). In the field of social research, most professionals make use of the criteria proposed by Finkelhor and Hotaling (1984); and ratified in Spain by López (1994). Said concepts are coercion and age asymmetries or maturation level differences, which lead to an inability to freely choose. Because sexual abuse usually occurs in the strictest privacy, it is really difficult to quantify and estimate its prevalence and incidence, given the so-called "dark figure" of such situations, since some of these cases have not even been reported or notified. However, some studies, such as meta-analytic by Pereda, Guilera, Forns and Gomez-Benito (2009), have reported a prevalence of 7.4% amongst boys and 19.2% in girls...
Child abuse, more specifically sexual offences, as a form of abuse during childhood, is a social problem that has been present throughout history, in all countries, cultures and social strata. Because there isńt a clear agreement and due to the differences on the defining criteria, child sexual abuse presents great difficulties to be defined. The proposed definitions are multiple; some are more restrictive, whilst others have a broader perspective. One of the most widely used and internationally accepted definitions is the one proposed by the World Health Organisation (WHO) in 2001, which incorporates the criteria that the child is immersed in activities or behaviours for which he or she is neither physically nor psychologically prepared, without having the ability to consent, and therefore transgressing every country's law (Stoltenborgh, Van Ijendoorn, Euser and Bakermans-Kranenbirg, 2011, in Amado, Arce & Herraiz, 2015). In the field of social research, most professionals make use of the criteria proposed by Finkelhor and Hotaling (1984); and ratified in Spain by López (1994). Said concepts are coercion and age asymmetries or maturation level differences, which lead to an inability to freely choose. Because sexual abuse usually occurs in the strictest privacy, it is really difficult to quantify and estimate its prevalence and incidence, given the so-called "dark figure" of such situations, since some of these cases have not even been reported or notified. However, some studies, such as meta-analytic by Pereda, Guilera, Forns and Gomez-Benito (2009), have reported a prevalence of 7.4% amongst boys and 19.2% in girls...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Psicología, Departamento de Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamiento Psicológico I (Personalidad, Evaluación y Psicología Clínica), leída el 26-01-2016