Publication: Estudio de las variables asociadas a la aparición del parpadeo atencional
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2016-05-14
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
Cuando se presentan dos objetivos separados temporalmente entre 200 y 500 ms en un paradigma de Presentación Rápida de Series Visuales (PRSV), y ambos se encuentran enmascarados, los sujetos muestran un déficit a la hora de informar del segundo objetivo (O2), habiendo identificado previamente el primero (O1). Este fenómeno, al que se conoce con el nombre de Parpadeo Atencional (PA), se ha revelado como un efecto muy robusto dentro de la psicología de la atención en la medida en que se ha obtenido utilizando numerosos tipos de estímulos (letras, dígitos, símbolos, caras, palabras, dibujos, etc.), así como diferentes manipulaciones en las características estimulares (atributos físicos, familiaridad, activación emocional, etc.). Se pueden diferenciar dos corrientes teóricas predominantes para explicar el PA que se distinguen en función del mecanismo subyacente que proponen. Por un lado, las teorías de recursos limitados, que parten del supuesto de que existe una capacidad limitada de recursos de procesamiento, y que describen el PA como un déficit en la consolidación del O2 en la memoria a corto plazo como consecuencia de que los recursos se encuentran ocupados en el procesamiento del O1. Por otro lado, las teorías de control atencional, que defienden la existencia de un mecanismo de control que se pone en marcha tras la aparición del O1 y que tiene como función prevenir potenciales interferencias en su procesamiento. Existen pocos trabajos acerca del efecto aislado que ejercen las características contextuales de una tarea de PRSV sobre la magnitud del PA. El objetivo del presente estudio es, utilizando el paradigma de PRSV, investigar la influencia de determinadas variables tales como la modalidad de presentación estimular (dibujos o palabras), la pertenencia a una determinada categoría semántica (animales o utensilios) o la relación semántica entre los estímulos de una PRSV (congruente o incongruente), sobre el fenómeno de PA. Además, dada su relevancia para algunos modelos teóricos, se estudia el papel específico que juega la velocidad de procesamiento de la información y la Memoria Operativa (MO) sobre la expresión del PA...
Whether two targets are presented in close temporal succession (ranged 200-500 ms) during a Rapid Serial Visual Presentation (RSVP) task, individuals show a deficit in reporting the second target (T2) when the first one (T1) has previously well reported. This effect, known as the Attentional Blink (AB), has been central for the Psychology of Attention because of it has been obtained using many types of stimuli (letter, digits, symbols, faces, words, drawings, etc.), as well as different perceptual manipulations of items (physical features, familiarity, valence, etc.). Two main theoretical accounts might be distinguished according to the proposed mechanisms responsible for the AB: capacity-limited and attentional control theories. The first ones consider that the number of processing resources is limited and the AB is thus described as a deficit in the consolidation of T2 into the short term memory due to the resources are tied up with the consolidation of T1. On the contrary, the attentional control theories highlight a protective control mechanism which is triggered after the T1 appearance to prevent interferences during its processing and consolidation. Few investigations have analyzed the isolated effect of the RSVP individual characteristics and their relationship to the AB magnitude. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the impact of certain variables, such as the modality of stimulus presentation (drawings or words), the effect associated with a specific semantic category of the stimulus (animals or tools), or the semantic coherence among targets and distractors of the RSVP (congruent or incongruent), upon the AB. Moreover, the roles of the information processing speed and Working Memory (WM) are also studied because of their relevance for the AB...
Whether two targets are presented in close temporal succession (ranged 200-500 ms) during a Rapid Serial Visual Presentation (RSVP) task, individuals show a deficit in reporting the second target (T2) when the first one (T1) has previously well reported. This effect, known as the Attentional Blink (AB), has been central for the Psychology of Attention because of it has been obtained using many types of stimuli (letter, digits, symbols, faces, words, drawings, etc.), as well as different perceptual manipulations of items (physical features, familiarity, valence, etc.). Two main theoretical accounts might be distinguished according to the proposed mechanisms responsible for the AB: capacity-limited and attentional control theories. The first ones consider that the number of processing resources is limited and the AB is thus described as a deficit in the consolidation of T2 into the short term memory due to the resources are tied up with the consolidation of T1. On the contrary, the attentional control theories highlight a protective control mechanism which is triggered after the T1 appearance to prevent interferences during its processing and consolidation. Few investigations have analyzed the isolated effect of the RSVP individual characteristics and their relationship to the AB magnitude. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the impact of certain variables, such as the modality of stimulus presentation (drawings or words), the effect associated with a specific semantic category of the stimulus (animals or tools), or the semantic coherence among targets and distractors of the RSVP (congruent or incongruent), upon the AB. Moreover, the roles of the information processing speed and Working Memory (WM) are also studied because of their relevance for the AB...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Psicología, Departamento de Psicología Básica II (Procesos Cognitivos), leída el 30-09-2015