Publication: Estudio longitudinal-descriptivo de la matutinidad-vespertinidad en adolescentes: los factores biológicos y psicosociales
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2016-05-14
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
La adolescencia se caracteriza por importantes cambios biológicos y psicosociales, entre ellos, una creciente tendencia hacia la vespertinidad. Una mayor vespertinidad se ha asociado tanto al aumento del desarrollo puberal como al aumento del contacto con los pares, la autonomía y los hábitos cotidianos y de sueño. El primer objetivo de esta tesis fue conocer las diferencias según edad y sexo en M-V, en desarrollo puberal y en los factores psicosociales. El segundo objetivo fue conocer los cambios en M-V, en el desarrollo puberal y en los factores psicosociales de la primera a la segunda medida. Por último, el tercer objetivo fue conocer cómo el cronotipo, los factores biológicos y los factores psicosociales modulaban el cambio en la matutinidad-vespertinidad (M-V) mediante un diseño longitudinal-descriptivo. Cuatrocientos setenta y un adolescentes (249 chicas) entre 12 y 16 años participaron en los dos momentos de evaluación (M1 y M2, respectivamente), con un intervalo entre medidas de aproximadamente un año. Se utilizó la Escala de Matutinidad-Vespertinidad para Niños, la Escala de Desarrollo Puberal, la School Sleep Habits Survey y una escala creada para recoger la autonomía y el tiempo dedicado a los hábitos cotidianos. Los resultados indicaron que los adolescentes de 15 años en M1 y los de 16 en M2 tuvieron una mayor vespertinidad que los de 12 y 13 respectivamente. Los de 15-17 años tenían una mayor autonomía sobre sus hábitos cotidianos y de sueño y dedicaban menos tiempo a estar con la familia y más a estar con el ordenador que los más jóvenes (12-13 años). Además, sus hábitos de sueño eran más tardíos y consumían cafeína con más frecuencia. Las chicas tuvieron un mayor desarrollo puberal, mayor autonomía sobre hacer deberes y estudiar y menor sobre estar con los amigos...
Adolescence is characterized by significant biological and psychosocial changes, including a growing trend towards eveningness. Greater eveningness is associated with increased pubertal development and some psychosocial factors, such as the increased contact with peers, autonomy, daily habits and sleep habits. The first aim of the current thesis was to examine age- and gender-related differences on morningness-eveningness (M-E), pubertal development, and psychosocial factors. The second aim was to examine the changes on M-E, pubertal development, and psychosocial factors from the first to the second measurements (M1 and M2, respectively). Finally, the third aim of this thesis was to determine how the chronotype, biological factors, and psychosocial factors modulate the change in M-E using a descriptive longitudinal design. Four hundred and seventy-one adolescents (249 girls) aged between 12 and 16 years participated in the two measurements (M1 and M2). Time interval between the two measurements was approximately one year. The Scale for Children Morningness-Eveningness, Pubertal Development Scale, School Sleep Habits Survey, and a created scale to collect the autonomy and the time spent on daily habits measures were used. Results indicated that adolescents aged 15 in M1 and 16 in M2 had higher eveningness than those aged 12 and 13, in the first and the second measure respectively. Teenagers between 15 and 17 years old reported greater autonomy over their daily habits, and their sleep habits compared with those aged 12-13. They also spent less time with their family and more weekly time with the computer. In addition, 15-17-years-old adolescents reported later sleep habits and a higher frequency of caffeine consumption. Girls had higher pubertal development, greater autonomy for doing their homework and studying, and less autonomy over being with friends...
Adolescence is characterized by significant biological and psychosocial changes, including a growing trend towards eveningness. Greater eveningness is associated with increased pubertal development and some psychosocial factors, such as the increased contact with peers, autonomy, daily habits and sleep habits. The first aim of the current thesis was to examine age- and gender-related differences on morningness-eveningness (M-E), pubertal development, and psychosocial factors. The second aim was to examine the changes on M-E, pubertal development, and psychosocial factors from the first to the second measurements (M1 and M2, respectively). Finally, the third aim of this thesis was to determine how the chronotype, biological factors, and psychosocial factors modulate the change in M-E using a descriptive longitudinal design. Four hundred and seventy-one adolescents (249 girls) aged between 12 and 16 years participated in the two measurements (M1 and M2). Time interval between the two measurements was approximately one year. The Scale for Children Morningness-Eveningness, Pubertal Development Scale, School Sleep Habits Survey, and a created scale to collect the autonomy and the time spent on daily habits measures were used. Results indicated that adolescents aged 15 in M1 and 16 in M2 had higher eveningness than those aged 12 and 13, in the first and the second measure respectively. Teenagers between 15 and 17 years old reported greater autonomy over their daily habits, and their sleep habits compared with those aged 12-13. They also spent less time with their family and more weekly time with the computer. In addition, 15-17-years-old adolescents reported later sleep habits and a higher frequency of caffeine consumption. Girls had higher pubertal development, greater autonomy for doing their homework and studying, and less autonomy over being with friends...
Description
Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Psicología, Departamento de Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamientos Psicológicos II (Psicología Diferencial y Psicología del Trabajo), leída el 27-11-2015