Publication: Asociacionismo y proceso migratorio: el caso colombiano en la Comunidad de Madrid
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2016-05-18
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
Se presenta un trabajo de investigación en el que se tratan de conjugar los factores determinantes del asociacionismo migrante con el proceso migratorio de los colombianos establecidos en la Comunidad de Madrid. La propuesta responde tanto a algunos vacíos encontrados en la literatura académica, como a ciertas observaciones empíricas. En los trabajos sobre asociaciones de inmigrantes, éstas tienden a ser analizadas como entidades representativas de unas bases sociales a las que se identifica con colectividades étnicas. Las asociaciones aparecen como estructuras intermedias de integración y de cooperación, ya sea mediante la provisión de servicios públicos o como interlocutores con los gobiernos de los países de origen y destino. Incluso los estudios desde enfoques reticulares tienden a identificar a las asociaciones con las redes migratorias. Sin embargo, estudios recientes sobre el asociacionismo migrante en España indican una escasa participación de los inmigrantes en este tipo de organizaciones y una precariedad estructural que hace dudar de su efectividad como representantes colectivos. Este hecho choca a su vez con una observación empírica: la de la alta proliferación de organizaciones constituidas por inmigrantes en España durante los últimos años, especialmente entre 2005 y 2010. A partir de esa fecha, y a pesar del descenso del número de inmigrantes, han continuado registrándose nuevas asociaciones, ajenas a la supuesta falta de representatividad y a las carencias estructurales señaladas en los estudios. Esto invita a preguntarse por las funciones del asociacionismo, no de cara a sus posibles beneficiarios, sino para sus propios miembros: ¿qué peculiaridades tiene la estructura asociativa para que se convierta en un recurso tan recurrentemente utilizado por los migrantes? Las organizaciones de la sociedad civil se caracterizan por ser capaces de producir tanto bienes de utilidad pública como bienes privados para los miembros del grupo. Entre los primeros, existe un amplio consenso académico en que las asociaciones se ajustan a las necesidades que afrontan los migrantes a lo largo del proceso migratorio, comenzando con su acomodación en el país de destino, finalizando con el eventual retorno, y pasando por el mantenimiento de vínculos de distinto tipo con las comunidades de origen. Entre los segundos, un buen número de trabajos han tratado de definir los perfiles de los líderes migrantes, pero hay un factor que, tal vez por evidente, ha pasado desapercibido con frecuencia: su propia condición migrante...
The aim of this research is to try to combine the key features of migrant associations with the migration process of the Colombians established in the Community of Madrid. The final goal is to answer to some gaps found in academic literature, and to address certain empirical observations. In the literature, immigrant associations have usually been considered representatives of certain social bases, identified with ethnic communities. These associations appear as intermediate structures of integration and cooperation, whether through the provision of public services or, as partners with governments in origin and destination countries. Moreover, even the studies based on network approaches identify these associations with the migration networks. However, recent works devoted to study migrant associations in Spain have shown low participation of immigrants in this type of organizations together with associative structural weakness, entailing some uncertainties about their performance as collective agents. In contrast, it has been observed a high proliferation of immigrant associations in Spain in recent years, especially between 2005 and 2010. Since then, and despite the drop in the number of immigrants, new organizations have been steadily registering, regardless of the supposed lack of agents and the structural limitations identified. This raise up a paramount question about the immigrant association functionality; what are the singularities of the associative structures that engage immigrants on a recurring basis? Civil organizations are characterized by the capacity of producing goods both of public interest and private, for the own group’s benefit. Among the first, there is broad academic consensus that the associations adjust themselves to fit the needs faced by migrants. These include the accommodation in the destination country through the maintenance of different types of links with the homeland communities, eventually ending with the return to their native countries. Within the seconds, a number of studies attempted to define the profiles of the migrant leaders. However, there is a factor, perhaps because obvious, which has not been paid adequate attention: their own migrant condition. Similarly to the needs of their explicit beneficiaries, the members of these organizations face those that are specifics of from immigration. Definitely, leadership and civic engagement are present in the emergence of immigrant associations, but as working hypothesis, one can assume that this kind of associations are more determined by the immigration status of their members than by their associative significance...
The aim of this research is to try to combine the key features of migrant associations with the migration process of the Colombians established in the Community of Madrid. The final goal is to answer to some gaps found in academic literature, and to address certain empirical observations. In the literature, immigrant associations have usually been considered representatives of certain social bases, identified with ethnic communities. These associations appear as intermediate structures of integration and cooperation, whether through the provision of public services or, as partners with governments in origin and destination countries. Moreover, even the studies based on network approaches identify these associations with the migration networks. However, recent works devoted to study migrant associations in Spain have shown low participation of immigrants in this type of organizations together with associative structural weakness, entailing some uncertainties about their performance as collective agents. In contrast, it has been observed a high proliferation of immigrant associations in Spain in recent years, especially between 2005 and 2010. Since then, and despite the drop in the number of immigrants, new organizations have been steadily registering, regardless of the supposed lack of agents and the structural limitations identified. This raise up a paramount question about the immigrant association functionality; what are the singularities of the associative structures that engage immigrants on a recurring basis? Civil organizations are characterized by the capacity of producing goods both of public interest and private, for the own group’s benefit. Among the first, there is broad academic consensus that the associations adjust themselves to fit the needs faced by migrants. These include the accommodation in the destination country through the maintenance of different types of links with the homeland communities, eventually ending with the return to their native countries. Within the seconds, a number of studies attempted to define the profiles of the migrant leaders. However, there is a factor, perhaps because obvious, which has not been paid adequate attention: their own migrant condition. Similarly to the needs of their explicit beneficiaries, the members of these organizations face those that are specifics of from immigration. Definitely, leadership and civic engagement are present in the emergence of immigrant associations, but as working hypothesis, one can assume that this kind of associations are more determined by the immigration status of their members than by their associative significance...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Políticas y Sociología, Departamento de Sociología I (Cambio Social), leída el 14-12-2015