Publication: El acceso a la condición de ciudadanía de las personas con discapacidad: el caso de España
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2016-05-24
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
Esta tesis doctoral tiene como objetivo principal analizar la inclusión de las personas con discapacidad como ciudadanos de pleno derecho en nuestro país, identificando para ello la brecha existente entre la condición formal de ciudadanía (que se desprende de nuestra normativa) y la condición sustantiva (entendida como el ejercicio real y efectivo de esos derechos), analizando la desigualdad social por motivo de discapacidad y los factores que la originan, así como los mecanismos y representaciones sociales que producen y reproducen dicha desigualdad y definen la identidad social de este colectivo. Para alcanzar los objetivos propuestos, se han articulado mediante triangulación metodológica diferentes técnicas cuantitativas y cualitativas que, fundamentalmente, han comprendido el análisis de contenido y del discurso de la normativa sobre discapacidad; el análisis estadístico de fuentes secundarias para conocer la posición social desigual de las personas con discapacidad así como la distancia entre la condición formal de ciudadanía y su ejercicio efectivo; y el análisis del discurso de una serie de entrevistas en profundidad y de grupos de discusión realizados con personas con discapacidad, para, partiendo de su experiencia vital, desentrañar los procesos de producción y reproducción de las desigualdades y de construcción de la identidad del colectivo. Los resultados obtenidos nos muestran que si bien la normativa ha evolucionado positivamente desde concepciones de la discapacidad propias de un modelo médico-rehabilitador hacia un modelo social en el que se reconoce el derecho a la vida independiente y la inclusión social de las personas con discapacidad en igualdad de condiciones que el resto de la población, no se han desarrollado suficientemente los mecanismos y acciones que garanticen esa condición de ciudadanía, existiendo además determinados preceptos contradictorios con los citados principios inspiradores. Además, al analizar las fuentes estadísticas se evidencia una importante brecha entre esa condición formal (aunque imperfecta) de ciudadanía que nuestro ordenamiento jurídico otorga a estas personas y su situación efectiva, en ámbitos como la educación, el trabajo, la condición socioeconómica o la participación social y política. Así, en el plano sustantivo se evidencian desigualdades entre personas con y sin discapacidad en los ámbitos mencionados, que definen una peor posición del colectivo en la estructura social que el resto de la población y que en este trabajo se han cuantificado y sistematizado en una serie de indicadores básicos. Mediante el análisis de las entrevistas y grupos de discusión se ha comprobado que esa desigualdad social por motivo de discapacidad está en parte condicionada por las representaciones sociales que se tienen de la misma, en tanto que condición de inferioridad...
This dissertation examines the inclusion of persons with disabilities as full citizens in Spain, and identifies the existing gap between their formal condition of citizenship (that emanates from Spanish legislation) and their substantive condition of citizenship (understood as the real and effective exercise of those rights), analyzing disability-based social inequality and the factors that originate it, as well as the social mechanisms and representations the produce and reproduce this inequality and define the social identity of persons with disabilities. In order to achieve the dissertation’s objectives, different quantitative and qualitative techniques have been implemented through methodological triangulation, that fundamentally consist on content and discourse analysis of Spanish legislation on disability; statistic analysis of secondary sources in order to find out the unequal social position of persons with disabilities as well as the distance from the formal condition of citizenship to its effective exercise; and discourse analysis of a series of in-depth interviews and discussion groups carried out with persons with disabilities, in order to unravel the processes of production and reproduction of inequalities and identity construction of this social group. The results show that, although Spanish legislation has positively evolved from disability conceptions that belonged to the medical model and rehabilitation paradigm, on to a social model that recognizes the right to independent living and social inclusion of persons with disabilities on an equal footing as the rest of the population, there has been no sufficient development of mechanisms and actions that guarantee that condition of citizenship, which adds to the persistence of a number of rules and regulations that still contradict the principles of the social model. Moreover, the analysis of statistic sources shows an important gap between the formal (although imperfect) condition of citizenship that Spanish legislation grants to persons with disabilities and their actual situation, in domains such as education, work, socio-economic conditions and social and political participation. Thus, inequalities between persons with and without disabilities can be observed in the substantive level in the mentioned domains, that define an inferior position of this group in the social structure compared to the rest of the population, and that have been quantified and systematized in a series of basic indicators...
This dissertation examines the inclusion of persons with disabilities as full citizens in Spain, and identifies the existing gap between their formal condition of citizenship (that emanates from Spanish legislation) and their substantive condition of citizenship (understood as the real and effective exercise of those rights), analyzing disability-based social inequality and the factors that originate it, as well as the social mechanisms and representations the produce and reproduce this inequality and define the social identity of persons with disabilities. In order to achieve the dissertation’s objectives, different quantitative and qualitative techniques have been implemented through methodological triangulation, that fundamentally consist on content and discourse analysis of Spanish legislation on disability; statistic analysis of secondary sources in order to find out the unequal social position of persons with disabilities as well as the distance from the formal condition of citizenship to its effective exercise; and discourse analysis of a series of in-depth interviews and discussion groups carried out with persons with disabilities, in order to unravel the processes of production and reproduction of inequalities and identity construction of this social group. The results show that, although Spanish legislation has positively evolved from disability conceptions that belonged to the medical model and rehabilitation paradigm, on to a social model that recognizes the right to independent living and social inclusion of persons with disabilities on an equal footing as the rest of the population, there has been no sufficient development of mechanisms and actions that guarantee that condition of citizenship, which adds to the persistence of a number of rules and regulations that still contradict the principles of the social model. Moreover, the analysis of statistic sources shows an important gap between the formal (although imperfect) condition of citizenship that Spanish legislation grants to persons with disabilities and their actual situation, in domains such as education, work, socio-economic conditions and social and political participation. Thus, inequalities between persons with and without disabilities can be observed in the substantive level in the mentioned domains, that define an inferior position of this group in the social structure compared to the rest of the population, and that have been quantified and systematized in a series of basic indicators...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Políticas y Sociología, Departamento de Sociología I (Cambio Social), leída el 30-10-2015