Publication: El islamismo y la utilización del "FIQH" con fines políticos: el caso del Líbano actual
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2016-05-25
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
El proyecto de investigación que se presenta a continuación se centra en el estudio de los partidos y los movimientos islamistas, sobre todo, desde el ámbito jurídico. Lo que se pretende es una desconstrucción del discurso islamista para la evaluación y el análisis del uso que realiza el islamismo de las fuentes textuales religiosas, así como de la manipulación que hace de las mismas. Para lograr este objetivo, hemos precisado utilizar las mismas fuentes que dichas agrupaciones manejan. Otro de los aspectos a destacar en nuestra investigación es la politización actual que se hace del Islam por parte del islamismo, siendo así parte de una ideología moderna y desconocida a lo largo de la historia islámica. Pensamos que en muchos casos, y sobre todo en relación al islamismo más radical, no existe una comprensión adecuada de la doctrina islámica, por ello cuestionamos que la base ideológica de dichas formaciones tengan un verdadero respaldo jurídico, así como tampoco encontramos una justificación ideológica que legitime sus posiciones y su propia existencia. Ya que las premisas de las que parten son religiosas, pensamos, que es el ámbito científico de las disciplinas religioso-jurídicas el que hay que utilizar para combatir a las formaciones violentas. Es aquí donde nuestra investigación cobra relevancia, debido a la falta de estudios que existen desde esta perspectiva. Nuestro objetivo es deslegitimar la autoridad de dichas agrupaciones, sobre todo de las más radicales, a través de su propio discurso religioso-legal. De aquí se deriva que nos hagamos varias preguntas, ¿existe en el islam un modelo de estado islámico o califal como es representado por los movimientos islamistas radicales?, ¿el corpus de la charía justifica las fetuas de dichos grupos? ¿Utilizan dichos grupos la metodología de la jurisprudencia para derivar normativa legal, y si es así, que precedentes y material usan del hadiz o el Corán? ¿Tienen en cuenta el factor espacio-tiempo en el que fueron reveladas las suras y aleyas coránicas a la hora de entender el texto de manera literal? ¿Por qué la costumbre ha acabado imponiéndose al texto religioso? Estos movimientos hacen mención constante de su existencia en relación a los textos sagrados, pero ¿es qué hacen una relectura diferente a la de otros grupos de su misma comunidad religiosa?...
The research project presented below focuses on the study of Islamist parties and movements, especially from the legal scope. What is intended to is a deconstruction of the Islamist discourse in order to evaluate and analyze the use carried out by Islamism of the Islamic religious textual sources, as well as the manipulation of the same texts. To achieve this goal, we used the same sources as these groups utilized. Another aspect highlighted in our research is the current politicization of Islam made by Islamism, making it part of a modern ideology unknown throughout Islamic history. We think that in many cases, and especially related to radical Islamism, there is no proper understanding of the Islamic doctrine, thus we question if the ideological basis of these formations have a real legal support, as well as not finding either an ideological justification that legitimize their positions and their own existence. Since the premises they begin from are religious ones, we think that is the scientific scope of religious-legal disciplines the one we must rely on to face the violent formations. This is where our research becomes important, due to the lack of existing studies from this perspective. Our goal is to discredit the authority of such groups, especially the most radical, through their own religious-legal discourse. From there we get several questions arise, is there in Islam a model of Islamic state or Caliphate as represented by radical Islamist movements? Does the corpus of Sharia justify such group’s fatwas? Do these groups use the methodology of jurisprudence to derive legal rules, and if so, what precedents and materials are used from hadith or the Qur'an? Do they take into account the space-time factor in which the Quranic verses and Surahs were revealed when understanding the text literally? Why custom is imposed on the religious text? These movements mention continuously their existence in relation to the sacred texts, but are they making a different reading to that of other groups of the same religious community? The answers to these questions are a sine qua non condition to clarify why these movements have managed to recreate a nonexistent illusionary entity through the history of the Islamic world reflected in the construction of “the Islamic state”, and make others believe it is by divine command...
The research project presented below focuses on the study of Islamist parties and movements, especially from the legal scope. What is intended to is a deconstruction of the Islamist discourse in order to evaluate and analyze the use carried out by Islamism of the Islamic religious textual sources, as well as the manipulation of the same texts. To achieve this goal, we used the same sources as these groups utilized. Another aspect highlighted in our research is the current politicization of Islam made by Islamism, making it part of a modern ideology unknown throughout Islamic history. We think that in many cases, and especially related to radical Islamism, there is no proper understanding of the Islamic doctrine, thus we question if the ideological basis of these formations have a real legal support, as well as not finding either an ideological justification that legitimize their positions and their own existence. Since the premises they begin from are religious ones, we think that is the scientific scope of religious-legal disciplines the one we must rely on to face the violent formations. This is where our research becomes important, due to the lack of existing studies from this perspective. Our goal is to discredit the authority of such groups, especially the most radical, through their own religious-legal discourse. From there we get several questions arise, is there in Islam a model of Islamic state or Caliphate as represented by radical Islamist movements? Does the corpus of Sharia justify such group’s fatwas? Do these groups use the methodology of jurisprudence to derive legal rules, and if so, what precedents and materials are used from hadith or the Qur'an? Do they take into account the space-time factor in which the Quranic verses and Surahs were revealed when understanding the text literally? Why custom is imposed on the religious text? These movements mention continuously their existence in relation to the sacred texts, but are they making a different reading to that of other groups of the same religious community? The answers to these questions are a sine qua non condition to clarify why these movements have managed to recreate a nonexistent illusionary entity through the history of the Islamic world reflected in the construction of “the Islamic state”, and make others believe it is by divine command...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Políticas y Sociología, Departamento de Derecho Internacional Público y Relaciones Internacionales, leída el 19-11-2015