Publication: La evolución de los marcos (tecno) discursivos del movimiento 15M y sus consecuencias
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2015
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Universidad Nacional de Educacion a Distancia
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Abstract
El movimiento 15M se caracterizaba, entre otras cosas, por una fuerte crítica a los partidos políticos y el sistema actual de representación política. Sin embargo, el ciclo de movilización ha derivado en un proceso de institucionalización creciente y complejo en el que los activistas del movimiento han participado de manera relativamente visible y continuada en el surgimiento y el desarrollo de nuevos partidos (Partido X, Ganemos y Podemos). Este artículo analiza el papel desempeñado por las nuevas tecnologías en este proceso bajo la hipótesis de que la apropiación de herramientas digitales diseñadas para deliberar, interaccionar o generar formas diversas de participación política en los nuevos partidos reproduce valores y prácticas esenciales del movimiento, allanando con ello el camino para una identificación entre los activistas y los partidos. La mediación tecnológica ha modulado el paso del movimiento al partido al generar un entorno de deliberación horizontal, participación distribuida y estructura descentralizada que reduce las diferencias visibles entre ambos. El desarrollo de las herramientas digitales se ha visto acompañado a su vez de un cambio en los marcos de interpretación de los movimientos sociales con respecto a la tecnología como factor político. De esta forma, las nociones de representación o participación clásicas quedan redibujadas permitiendo una transición suave entre las plazas y los parlamentos.
El artículo rastrea la construcción de marcos tecnófilos que, influidos por la presencia del software libre y el código abierto, ayudan a entender la organización de los nuevos partidos-movimiento y la transición entre las diversas formas de acción colectiva. Igualmente, se perfilan y describen algunas de estas herramientas y las funciones que han cumplido de cara a forjar unos modelos de organización originales en estos partidos-movimiento.
The Spanish 15M movement (also known as the Indignados) was very critical of political parties and the current system of political representation. However, the protest cycle has evolved into a growing and complex process of institutionalization in which activist have been participating in the creation and development of a number of new parties (Partido X, Ganemos and Podemos). This paper analyzes the role played by new technologies in this process. The basic hypothesis is that the extensive use of digital tools, which encourage participation and deliberation in the creation and development of these new parties, in some ways reproduces essential values and practices of the movement, thus facilitating the identification between the 15M activists and the parties. In this way, the transition between movement and party has been conditioned by, among other things, a component of technological mediation, generating an environment of horizontal deliberation, participation distributed and decentralized structure. The use of these tools has been accompanied by the development of a certain technophile frame that stresses the potential of new technologies for social and political change. Thus, the classical notions of representation or participation are redrawn allowing a smooth evolution from the squares to the Parliaments. This article examines the construction of technophiles frameworks, which influenced by the presence of free software and open source, help us to understand the organization of the new movement-parties and the transition between the different forms of collective action. Likewise, some of these digital tools are mentioned and outlined and the role that they have played in order to forge new organization models for these movement–parties are described.
The Spanish 15M movement (also known as the Indignados) was very critical of political parties and the current system of political representation. However, the protest cycle has evolved into a growing and complex process of institutionalization in which activist have been participating in the creation and development of a number of new parties (Partido X, Ganemos and Podemos). This paper analyzes the role played by new technologies in this process. The basic hypothesis is that the extensive use of digital tools, which encourage participation and deliberation in the creation and development of these new parties, in some ways reproduces essential values and practices of the movement, thus facilitating the identification between the 15M activists and the parties. In this way, the transition between movement and party has been conditioned by, among other things, a component of technological mediation, generating an environment of horizontal deliberation, participation distributed and decentralized structure. The use of these tools has been accompanied by the development of a certain technophile frame that stresses the potential of new technologies for social and political change. Thus, the classical notions of representation or participation are redrawn allowing a smooth evolution from the squares to the Parliaments. This article examines the construction of technophiles frameworks, which influenced by the presence of free software and open source, help us to understand the organization of the new movement-parties and the transition between the different forms of collective action. Likewise, some of these digital tools are mentioned and outlined and the role that they have played in order to forge new organization models for these movement–parties are described.