Publication: Evaluación y participación en el ámbito de la cooperación al desarrollo: la teoría y la práctica del enfoque participativo en los proyectos de la AECID
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2016-06-01
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
Los análisis sobre estrategias y herramientas de la Cooperación Internacional para el Desarrollo (CID) vienen centrando su atención en la cuestión relativa a la participación real de los actores implicados, como variable necesaria para la pertinencia e idoneidad del impacto de las intervenciones (Thérien, 2002; de Haan, 2009a y 2009b; OCDE, 2011). En la actualidad existe un consenso generalizado sobre la importancia de la participación de los “stakeholders” en los proceso de desarrollo, como se puede evidenciar en la definición de Desarrollo Humano Sostenible o en los postulados de la Declaración de París, aunque no siempre ha sido así y en la práctica se encuentren más límites. La participación ha sido central en las reflexiones que se han dado desde los diversos paradigmas y enfoques poniendo en cuestión las relaciones de poder o las relaciones funcionales habitualmente presentes en la “cadena de la ayuda”1. Esta tendencia también se ha plasmado en la emergencia de enfoques participativos en la práctica evaluativa que, por su naturaleza política, implican un trabajo de reflexión conjunta que debe involucrar a los diferentes actores implicados para que el proceso tenga legitimidad y sea de utilidad social (Monnier, 1995). La cooperación española otorga gran importancia al proceso de evaluación y reconoce la necesidad de integrar la participación como un pilar fundamental dentro de la misma: “La implicación de los políticos, gestores y técnicos en el proceso de evaluación, y la participación de las contrapartes y beneficiarios son condiciones indispensables para poder evaluar una intervención” (MAEC‐SECI, 2007ª:26)...
The analysis of strategies and tools of international cooperation for development have focused their attention on the question of the actual participation of stakeholders, as necessary variable for the relevance and adequacy of the impact of interventions (Thérien, 2002; de Haan 2009a and 2009b; OECD, 2011). There is now a widespread consensus on the importance of stakeholder participation in the development process, as can be evidenced in the definition of Sustainable Human Development or the principles of the Paris Declaration, although it has not always been that way and in practice they are more limits. The participation has been central in the discussions that have taken place since the various paradigms and approaches by questioning the power relations or functional relationships usually present in the "chain of support"2. This trend has also been reflected in the emergence of participatory approaches to evaluation practice which by its political nature, involve joint reflection work that should involve the different stakeholders for the process to have legitimacy and be socially useful (Monnier, 1995). The Spanish cooperation attaches great importance to the evaluation process and recognizes the need to integrate participation as a key pillar within itself: “The involvement of politicians, managers and technicians in the evaluation process, and the involvement of partners and beneficiaries are prerequisites to evaluate an intervention” (MAEC‐SECI, 2007ª:26)...
The analysis of strategies and tools of international cooperation for development have focused their attention on the question of the actual participation of stakeholders, as necessary variable for the relevance and adequacy of the impact of interventions (Thérien, 2002; de Haan 2009a and 2009b; OECD, 2011). There is now a widespread consensus on the importance of stakeholder participation in the development process, as can be evidenced in the definition of Sustainable Human Development or the principles of the Paris Declaration, although it has not always been that way and in practice they are more limits. The participation has been central in the discussions that have taken place since the various paradigms and approaches by questioning the power relations or functional relationships usually present in the "chain of support"2. This trend has also been reflected in the emergence of participatory approaches to evaluation practice which by its political nature, involve joint reflection work that should involve the different stakeholders for the process to have legitimacy and be socially useful (Monnier, 1995). The Spanish cooperation attaches great importance to the evaluation process and recognizes the need to integrate participation as a key pillar within itself: “The involvement of politicians, managers and technicians in the evaluation process, and the involvement of partners and beneficiaries are prerequisites to evaluate an intervention” (MAEC‐SECI, 2007ª:26)...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Políticas y Sociología, Departamento de Sociología IV, leída el 15-01-2016