Publication: Evolución y originalidad en el pensamiento económico y social de Raúl Prebisch
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2016-06-01
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
Escoger la evolución y originalidad en el pensamiento económico y social de Raúl Prebisch surge del interrogante de por qué las regiones subdesarrolladas no han salido de esa condición. En el intento de dar una respuesta a esta problemática tan delicada y vigente en la actualidad, esta tesis pretende, por un lado, seguir la evolución cognitiva del economista estructuralista Raúl Prebisch, y por el otro, determinar la originalidad en su esquema interpretativo del Capitalismo Periférico. En una primera aproximación, el autor se presenta como un clásico. Su cargo en la CEPAL y la sucesión de hitos históricos que desestabilizan el sistema económico, hacen que se vayan produciendo en él mutaciones teóricas tendientes a la teoría keynesiana. Al llegar a los ochenta se percibe una inflexión determinante: el autor se ve en la necesidad de incluir una totalidad de variables que expliquen la inviabilidad del capitalismo, acercándose a la metodología marxista, pero no como herramienta política. En la búsqueda de la originalidad en Prebisch, la enseñanza económica ha sido una herencia adquirida. Dicho de otro modo, se aprecia en sus reflexiones una originalidad ecléctica, aprehende lo esencial de las doctrinas conocidas y las contrasta con la realidad de la región, llegando a reveladoras conclusiones. Destacan su propuesta de transformación del sistema. Su consentimiento esperado o desesperado del equilibrio entre socialismo y capitalismo para evitar las crisis sociales y políticas que este último trae. Se deduce que el pensamiento de Prebisch es una evolución, no una revolución, no hay una originalidad pura. Pero reconociendo que la tarea del investigador nunca acaba, se afirma, pese a su férreo resguardo de su neutralidad valorativa, que Prebisch se erige como keynesiano de izquierdas.
The choice of studying the evolution and originality in the economic and social thought of Raúl Prebisch arises from the question of why “underdeveloped” regions have not escaped their underdeveloped condition. In an attempt to answer this issue, so sensitive and so pressing in our present days, this thesis aims to, on the one hand, to trace the cognitive evolution of the structuralist economist Raúl Prebisch, and on the other hand, to determine the originality in his interpretative scheme of peripheral capitalism. In an initial approach, the Prebisch is presented as a classic economist. His position in ECLAC and the succession of important historical events that destabilized the economic system lead to his mutations of Keynesian theory. At the beginning of the 1980’s, a decisive turning-point can be seen: the author examines the need to include all the variables which explain the non-viability of capitalism, thus moving closer to Marxist methodology, though not in the sense of a political tool. In the search for originality in Prebisch, economic education is an acquired inheritance. In other words, an eclectic originality can be seen in his reflections, which grasp existing doctrines and contrast them with regional realities, reaching revealing conclusions. His proposal for the transformation of the system is highlighted, along with the need for consensus, which is hoped for, or desperately needed to avoid the social and political crises brought about by need for a balance between socialism and capitalism. It follows that the development of Prebisch’s thinking was an evolutionary process, rather than a revolution, and there was no pure originality in it. Yet, acknowledging that the researcher’s task never ends, it can be asserted that, despite his strict clinging to evaluative neutrality, Prebisch emerges as a “Keynesian of the Left”.
The choice of studying the evolution and originality in the economic and social thought of Raúl Prebisch arises from the question of why “underdeveloped” regions have not escaped their underdeveloped condition. In an attempt to answer this issue, so sensitive and so pressing in our present days, this thesis aims to, on the one hand, to trace the cognitive evolution of the structuralist economist Raúl Prebisch, and on the other hand, to determine the originality in his interpretative scheme of peripheral capitalism. In an initial approach, the Prebisch is presented as a classic economist. His position in ECLAC and the succession of important historical events that destabilized the economic system lead to his mutations of Keynesian theory. At the beginning of the 1980’s, a decisive turning-point can be seen: the author examines the need to include all the variables which explain the non-viability of capitalism, thus moving closer to Marxist methodology, though not in the sense of a political tool. In the search for originality in Prebisch, economic education is an acquired inheritance. In other words, an eclectic originality can be seen in his reflections, which grasp existing doctrines and contrast them with regional realities, reaching revealing conclusions. His proposal for the transformation of the system is highlighted, along with the need for consensus, which is hoped for, or desperately needed to avoid the social and political crises brought about by need for a balance between socialism and capitalism. It follows that the development of Prebisch’s thinking was an evolutionary process, rather than a revolution, and there was no pure originality in it. Yet, acknowledging that the researcher’s task never ends, it can be asserted that, despite his strict clinging to evaluative neutrality, Prebisch emerges as a “Keynesian of the Left”.
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Políticas y Sociología, Departamento de Antropología Social, leída el 22-01-2016