Publication: La movilidad de los objetos tecnocientíficos: un ejemplo de biopolítica a través de las patentes
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2012
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
Hasta ahora la mayoría de estudios sobre movilidad y/o biopolítica se han centrado en la gestión política de los sujetos (flujos migratorios, instituciones de control, turismo internacional, gubernamentalidad de los procesos globales, etc.). Por una parte, el paradigma de la movilidad (Urry y la escuela de Lancaster) ha abordado un abanico disperso e inconexo de fenómenos móviles introduciendo tímidamente las cuestiones del poder. De otra, las reflexiones biopolíticas contemporáneas en el seno de las Ciencias Sociales han operado siempre con sujetos de carne y hueso excluyendo de sus reflexiones el mundo de los objetos (tal y como reclamaría la Teoría del Actor-Red y otras miradas sociológicas). En este artículo se intenta esbozar un marco de comprensión de procesos biopolíticos relacionados con la movilidad de ciertos objetos o redes de objetos/sujetos; en concreto a través de los títulos de propiedad ad hoc sobre objetos tecnocientíficos, las patentes. Gracias a ciertos acontecimientos históricos de finales del siglo XIX y principios del siglo XX se va construyendo un entramado patentista internacional (exposiciones mundiales, tratados bilaterales, acuerdos continentales, etc.), que junto con determinados elementos actuales relacionados con la globalización de las propiedades inmateriales tecnocientíficas (acuerdos TRIPs y similares en el caso biotecnológico o agroalimentario), servirán como ejemplos o estudios de caso para ilustrar la dinámica biopolítica generada por la movilidad estratégica de objetos científicos y tecnológicos (producto de un régimen de apropiación basado en títulos internacionales sobre genes, fórmulas químicas, biomasa, especies vegetales o animales, alimentos, transgénicos, etc.).
So far, most social studies of mobility and/or bio politics have focused on the political management of the subjects (migration, control institutions, international tourism, global governmentality processes, etc.). On the one hand, the paradigm of mobility (Urry and the Lancaster School) has addressed a range of scattered and disjointed human phenomena introducing timidly issues of power. Otherwise, the contemporary biopolitical reflections within the social sciences have always operated with flesh and blood subjects excluding the world of objects (such as claim and complain the actor network theory (ANT) and other sociological eyes). This article attempts to outline a framework for understanding biopolitical processes related to the mobility of certain objects or networks of objects/subjects; in particular through the ad hoc property titles on technoscientific objects (the patents). Due to certain historical events of the late nineteenth and early twentieth century a international patents network is built (world exhibitions, bilateral, continental agreements, etc.) and together with elements related to the current globalization of intangible techno-scientific properties (TRIPs agreements and the case of biotechnologies or food industries) will serve as examples or case studies to illustrate the dynamics generated by the biopolitical strategic mobility of scientific and technological objects (outcomes of an ownership regime based on international titles genes, chemical formulas biomass, plant or animal species, food, biotech, etc.).
So far, most social studies of mobility and/or bio politics have focused on the political management of the subjects (migration, control institutions, international tourism, global governmentality processes, etc.). On the one hand, the paradigm of mobility (Urry and the Lancaster School) has addressed a range of scattered and disjointed human phenomena introducing timidly issues of power. Otherwise, the contemporary biopolitical reflections within the social sciences have always operated with flesh and blood subjects excluding the world of objects (such as claim and complain the actor network theory (ANT) and other sociological eyes). This article attempts to outline a framework for understanding biopolitical processes related to the mobility of certain objects or networks of objects/subjects; in particular through the ad hoc property titles on technoscientific objects (the patents). Due to certain historical events of the late nineteenth and early twentieth century a international patents network is built (world exhibitions, bilateral, continental agreements, etc.) and together with elements related to the current globalization of intangible techno-scientific properties (TRIPs agreements and the case of biotechnologies or food industries) will serve as examples or case studies to illustrate the dynamics generated by the biopolitical strategic mobility of scientific and technological objects (outcomes of an ownership regime based on international titles genes, chemical formulas biomass, plant or animal species, food, biotech, etc.).