Publication: Modelos urbanos y su proyección literaria en la novela criminal
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2016-06-27
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
La novela criminal experimenta en la actualidad un momento de esplendor en las distintas literaturas que se desarrollan en el Estado español, debido al aumento en el número de autores, lectores y obras publicadas. No ha sido un camino fácil, pues este género se ha adaptado tardíamente a la realidad española. De hecho, hasta la década de 1970, cuando la Dictadura franquista llegaba a su fin, no hubo una verdadera tradición de novela criminal urbana en España. En 1974, Manuel Vázquez Montalbán publicó la obra Tatuaje, primera en la que el personaje de Pepe Carvalho aparecía como detective e inicio de la saga más relevante en España. El desarrollo del género fue dispar en las diferentes literaturas del Estado, y mientras Cataluña ya contaba con un respetable bagaje –autores como Manuel de Pedrolo, Rafael Tasis, Jaume Fuster…–, en el País Vasco comenzaba a emplearse el género, y en Galicia y Canarias habría que esperar hasta las décadas de 1980 y de 1990, respectivamente. Esta desigual adaptación de la novela criminal propicia la aparición de diferentes modelos urbanos en las distintas obras y literaturas a las que se adscriben. La ciudad es un elemento característico del género, pues su nacimiento está directamente relacionado con la Revolución Industrial: es cuando surgen las urbes y las sociedades modernas y una burguesía con gran poder adquisitivo y aumenta la población alfabetizada. Es en las ciudades donde se desarrollan las tramas criminales y violentas, pues estas fomentan el anonimato de los asesinos, la creación de cuerpos policiales y la presencia de detectives privados...
Crime fiction is now in its golden age in the different literatures of the Spanish State due to an increase in the number of authors, readers and published works. It has not been easy, because the genre was adapted too late to the Spanish reality. In fact, until the decade of 1970, when Franco's Dictatorship was coming to an end, there was no real tradition of urban crime novel in Spain. Tatuaje, by Manuel Vázquez Montalbán, was published in 1974, the first in which the character Pepe Carvalho appeared as detective and the beginning of the most important crime fiction’s series. The gender development was dissimilar in the different literatures of the State, and while Catalonia had already a respectable background –authors as Manuel Pedrolo, Rafael Tasis, Jaume Fuster…–, in the Basque Country began to utilize the genre, and in Galicia and in the Canary Islands there was no crime fiction until the 1980s and 1990s, respectively. This unequal adaptation of the crime novel promotes the appearance of different urban models in the distinct works and literatures to which they are assigned. The city is a characteristic element of the genre, because their origins are directly related to the Industrial Revolution, the age when the modern cities and societies and a bourgeoisie with high purchasing power rise up, and increases the population who knew how to read and write. It is in cities where criminal and violent plots are developed, as these encourage the anonymity of the murderers, the creation of police forces and the presence of private eyes...
Crime fiction is now in its golden age in the different literatures of the Spanish State due to an increase in the number of authors, readers and published works. It has not been easy, because the genre was adapted too late to the Spanish reality. In fact, until the decade of 1970, when Franco's Dictatorship was coming to an end, there was no real tradition of urban crime novel in Spain. Tatuaje, by Manuel Vázquez Montalbán, was published in 1974, the first in which the character Pepe Carvalho appeared as detective and the beginning of the most important crime fiction’s series. The gender development was dissimilar in the different literatures of the State, and while Catalonia had already a respectable background –authors as Manuel Pedrolo, Rafael Tasis, Jaume Fuster…–, in the Basque Country began to utilize the genre, and in Galicia and in the Canary Islands there was no crime fiction until the 1980s and 1990s, respectively. This unequal adaptation of the crime novel promotes the appearance of different urban models in the distinct works and literatures to which they are assigned. The city is a characteristic element of the genre, because their origins are directly related to the Industrial Revolution, the age when the modern cities and societies and a bourgeoisie with high purchasing power rise up, and increases the population who knew how to read and write. It is in cities where criminal and violent plots are developed, as these encourage the anonymity of the murderers, the creation of police forces and the presence of private eyes...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Filología, leída el 09-12-2015