Publication: Condicionantes nutricionales que influyen sobre los factores de riesgo de síndrome metabólico en niños de la Comunidad de Madrid
Loading...
Files
Official URL
Full text at PDC
Publication Date
2016-08-09
Authors
Advisors (or tutors)
Editors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Universidad Complutense de Madrid
Citations
Exportar
Abstract
El Síndrome Metabólico (SM) es un conjunto de factores de riesgo asociados con el incremento del riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular y diabetes mellitus de tipo 2 (DM2). Dichos factores son obesidad (OB), resistencia a la Insulina (RI), hiperglucemia, dislipidemia e hipertensión (HTA) e interactúan entre sí sobre las anomalías vasculares, el estrés oxidativo, la grasa visceral, la inflamación y el cortisol en un entorno de OB y RI y bajo la influencia de las predisposiciones genéticas y condiciones ambientales, tales como hábitos de alimentación y actividad física. Según una hipótesis, la RI y la OB son los factores que más contribuyen en la manifestación de anormalidades metabólicas y las manifestaciones más tempranas del desarrollo de SM en niños. Mientras el páncreas compensa adecuadamente la RI mediante una mayor secreción de insulina, las concentraciones de glucosa en sangre se mantienen normales. Sin embargo, en algunos pacientes la capacidad de las células β del páncreas disminuye con el tiempo, lo que conduce al desarrollo de DM2. Otro factor a tener en cuenta en el diagnóstico del SM es la dislipidemia, caracterizada por el aumento de los triglicéridos (TG) y del VLDL‐colesterol, bajas cifras de HDL‐colesterol, así como por la presencia de partículas de LDL‐colesterol más pequeñas y densas de lo normal. Otro factor de riesgo de padecimiento de SM es la presión arterial elevada, que suele aparecer ligada a la presencia de OB, ya que el aumento de algunas adipoquinas que en esta se produce, entre las que se encuentran el AGE, PAI‐1, IL‐6, TNF‐α y leptina, pueden llevar a disfunción endotelial a través de la ruta del óxido nítrico. Debido a que el sobrepeso y el incremento de los valores de insulina plasmática son componentes clave del SM, es importante tener en cuenta los hábitos alimentarios y otros estilos de vida que influyen en los mismos...
Metabolic Syndrome (MS) is a set of risk factors, including obesity (OB), insulin resistance, hiperglycemia, dyslipidemia and hypertension (HTA) which are linked to the increase of cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2). The interaction of these risk factors (e.g. of obesity and insulin resistance), in addition to the influence of genetic predispositions and environment conditions (e.g. dietary habits and levels of physical activity) can produce vascular anomalies, oxidative stress, visceral fat, inflammation and cortisol. A widely accepted hypothesis finds insulin resistance and OB to be the two most influential factors in the occurrence of metabolic abnormalities and the earliest manifestations of MS development in children. As long as the pancreas is able to compensate insulin resistance properly through the increased secretion of insulin, blood glucose concentrations can remain normal. However, in some patients pancreatic β cell capacity decreases with time, leading to the development of DM2. Another factor to bear in mind with MS diagnose is dyslipidemia, which is characterized by an increase of triglycerides (TG) and VLDL-cholesterol, low levels of HDL-cholesterol as well as the presence of LDL-cholesterol particles which are smaller and more dense than normal cholesterol particles. Another risk factor for MS is high blood pressure, which is linked with OB. The increase of particular adipokines including AGE, PAI-1, IL-6, and TNF-α and leptin, which occurs in patients with OB, can lead to endothelial dysfunction through the nitric oxide route. Since being overweight and the raising of insulin levels are key component of MS, it is important to bear in mind dietary habits and other lifestyle that influence them...
Metabolic Syndrome (MS) is a set of risk factors, including obesity (OB), insulin resistance, hiperglycemia, dyslipidemia and hypertension (HTA) which are linked to the increase of cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2). The interaction of these risk factors (e.g. of obesity and insulin resistance), in addition to the influence of genetic predispositions and environment conditions (e.g. dietary habits and levels of physical activity) can produce vascular anomalies, oxidative stress, visceral fat, inflammation and cortisol. A widely accepted hypothesis finds insulin resistance and OB to be the two most influential factors in the occurrence of metabolic abnormalities and the earliest manifestations of MS development in children. As long as the pancreas is able to compensate insulin resistance properly through the increased secretion of insulin, blood glucose concentrations can remain normal. However, in some patients pancreatic β cell capacity decreases with time, leading to the development of DM2. Another factor to bear in mind with MS diagnose is dyslipidemia, which is characterized by an increase of triglycerides (TG) and VLDL-cholesterol, low levels of HDL-cholesterol as well as the presence of LDL-cholesterol particles which are smaller and more dense than normal cholesterol particles. Another risk factor for MS is high blood pressure, which is linked with OB. The increase of particular adipokines including AGE, PAI-1, IL-6, and TNF-α and leptin, which occurs in patients with OB, can lead to endothelial dysfunction through the nitric oxide route. Since being overweight and the raising of insulin levels are key component of MS, it is important to bear in mind dietary habits and other lifestyle that influence them...
Description
Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Farmacia, Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología I (Nutrición), leída el 20-01-2016