Publication: Valoración de efectos ecotoxicológicos de oxitetraciclina en organismos terrestres y acuáticos mediante el empleo de sistemas multi-especie en suelo (MS3)
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2016-08-12
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
La importancia del suelo radica en las numerosas funciones que desempeña, tanto ambientales como socio-económicas y culturales. El suelo es el fundamento del sistema alimentario, la base de la agricultura y el medio en el que crecen casi todas las plantas destinadas a la producción de alimento, es un recurso prácticamente no renovable y es un medio vivo con gran biodiversidad cuya actividad biológica contribuye a determinar la estructura y fertilidad, y resulta ser fundamental para que este pueda realizar algunas de sus funciones. La incorporación al suelo de agentes contaminantes químicos o abióticos por encima de su capacidad de amortiguación supone su contaminación y en consecuencia la contaminación de las aguas subterráneas y/o superficiales. La presencia en el suelo de elementos tóxicos puede suponer un riesgo para la salud humana y/o los ecosistemas La presencia de medicamentos en el medio ambiente se ha convertido en un tema muy actual de investigación. Las técnicas cromatográficas actuales permiten alcanzar límites de detección analítica, en rangos comprendidos entre ng/l a μg/l, lo que ha permitido cuantificar un gran número de principios activos de uso farmacológico y excipientes en el medio ambiente, obligando a la comunidad científica a considerar este tipo de contaminación como un potencial problema que merece su atención. Hoy en día, se conoce, su amplia difusión a bajas concentraciones principalmente en el medio ambiente acuático. Tales concentraciones se han detectado en los compartimentos acuáticos, tales como los influentes y efluentes de plantas depuradoras de aguas residuales (EDAR), las aguas superficiales (ríos, lagos, arroyos, y estuarios, entre otros), el agua de mar, las aguas subterráneas y el agua potable...
The importance of soil lies in the many roles that it plays environmentally, socio-economically and culturally. The soil is the base of the feeding system, the base of agriculture, and the environment where most plants used to feed animals grow; it is practically a non-renewable resource and it is a life environment with a great biodiversity, its biological activity contributes to determine the structure and fertility, and it is mandatory so that it can serve these purposes. Chemical or abiotic polluting agents integrated into the soil over its mitigating capacity may result in pollution of underground or surface water. The presence of toxic elements in the soil may constitute a threat to the ecosystems and human health. The presence of drugs in the environment has gained researchers attention. Current chromatographic techniques allow detection levels in the range of ng/l to μg/ml, which has allowed to quantify a large number of pharmacologically active substances and excipients in the environment, making the scientific community to consider this type of pollution as a potential problem which deserves attention. Nowadays, it is known its large diffusion to low concentrations mainly in the aquatic environment. Such concentrations have been detected in the aquatic compartments such as influents and effluents of residual water sewage plants, superficial waters (rivers, lakes, creeks, estuaries, among others), sea water, underground water and drinkable water. The scientific community in general, agrees that the adverse effects derived from the presence of drug pollutants, may affect not only human health but also aquatic and terrestrial organisms...
The importance of soil lies in the many roles that it plays environmentally, socio-economically and culturally. The soil is the base of the feeding system, the base of agriculture, and the environment where most plants used to feed animals grow; it is practically a non-renewable resource and it is a life environment with a great biodiversity, its biological activity contributes to determine the structure and fertility, and it is mandatory so that it can serve these purposes. Chemical or abiotic polluting agents integrated into the soil over its mitigating capacity may result in pollution of underground or surface water. The presence of toxic elements in the soil may constitute a threat to the ecosystems and human health. The presence of drugs in the environment has gained researchers attention. Current chromatographic techniques allow detection levels in the range of ng/l to μg/ml, which has allowed to quantify a large number of pharmacologically active substances and excipients in the environment, making the scientific community to consider this type of pollution as a potential problem which deserves attention. Nowadays, it is known its large diffusion to low concentrations mainly in the aquatic environment. Such concentrations have been detected in the aquatic compartments such as influents and effluents of residual water sewage plants, superficial waters (rivers, lakes, creeks, estuaries, among others), sea water, underground water and drinkable water. The scientific community in general, agrees that the adverse effects derived from the presence of drug pollutants, may affect not only human health but also aquatic and terrestrial organisms...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Veterinaria, Departamento de Toxicología y Farmacología, leída el 22/01/2016