Publication: Velocidad de anticipación y trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad
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2016-08-19
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
Resulta innegable que la conducción de vehículos constituye, en sí, el ejercicio de una actividad multitarea compleja. De manera tal que, quien quisiera ejecutarla, deberá poseer determinadas aptitudes psíquicas y físicas que aseguren, en todo momento, el mantenimiento de óptimas condiciones de seguridad. Por un lado, los datos de investigación, así como las estadísticas de siniestralidad vial, indican que son varios factores los que inclinan la balanza hacia una mayor propensión de conductas de riesgo en la conducción por parte de los adolescentes: la combinación de inmadurez e inexperiencia, no utilizar el cinturón de seguridad, acelerar o conducir demasiado rápido, el alto consumo de tecnología mientras conducen, etc. Por otro lado, la distracción y la inatención son factores humanos concurrentes en los accidentes de tráfico. Se ha considerado abordar la distracción y la inatención como aspectos continuos e inherentes a la persona bajo el Trastorno por Déficit de Atención e Hiperactividad (TDAH). Catalogado como un trastorno que se manifiesta por presentar dificultades crónicas para mantener la concentración (déficit de atención), sobre todo en circunstancias que ofrecen baja estimulación, y la falta de inhibición/control sobre los impulsos asociada con frecuencia a inquietud motora (impulsividad-hiperactividad) y que interfieren, visiblemente, en el desarrollo del individuo y, con un papel muy notorio, en los ámbitos clínico, social, asistencial, académico y, por supuesto, seguridad vial. Apenas se conoce la sensibilidad/capacidad de la prueba psicotécnica, velocidad de anticipación, utilizada en los Centros de Reconocimiento de Conductores para la obtención o renovación del carné de conducir en España, como instrumento para detectar sujetos con TDAH. El objetivo del presente estudio es comparar el desempeño en la prueba psicotécnica que mide la velocidad de anticipación, a través del Test KCC, en una muestra de 173 sujetos, niños y adolescentes, de ambos sexos, entre los 7 y 16 años con y sin TDAH y, si otras variables, como el sexo, la edad, el índice de reflexividad/impulsividad (a través del Test de Stroop) y el potencial de aprendizaje (medido con el Test TONI-2) también influyen. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que no existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre niños y adolescentes con o sin TDAH para las variables de velocidad de anticipación, edad, sexo e índice de reflexividad/impulsividad. Sin embargo, si se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en relación al potencial de aprendizaje (CI) y la medida, velocidad de anticipación. Se recomienda efectuar estudios confirmatorios e investigaciones que repliquen y evalúen estas variables.
It is undeniable that the driving is in itself a complex exercise multitasking activity. So that anyone who wanted to drive, must have certain mental and physical abilities to ensure, at all times, maintaining optimal safety conditions. For one thing, research data and statistics on road accidents they indicate that there are several factors that tip the balance towards greater propensity for risk behaviors in driving by teenagers: the combination of immaturity and inexperience not using a seat belt, speeding or driving too fast, high consumption of technology while driving, etc. On the other hand, distraction and inattention are concurrent human factors in traffic accidents. It has been considered to address the distraction and inattention as continuous and inherent to the person under the aspects disorder Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Listed as a condition manifested by chronic difficulties present to maintain the concentration (attention deficit), mainly in circumstances that offer low stimulation and lack of inhibition / impulse control often associated with motor restlessness (hyperactivity impulsivity) and interfere visibly in the development of the individual, with a very visible role in the clinical, social, welfare, academic fields and, of course, road safety. Just sensitivity / capacity psycho test, anticipation speed, used in Driver Recognition Centers for obtaining or renewing a driver's license in Spain, as an instrument to detect subjects with ADHD is unknown. The aim of this study is to compare the performance in the psycho test that measures the speed of advance, through KCC Test in a sample of 173 subjects, children and adolescents of both sexes, between 7 and 16 years without ADHD and if other variables such as sex, age, the rate of reflexivity/impulsivity (through the Stroop test) and learning potential (measured with test TONI-2) also influence. The results showed no statistically significant differences between children and adolescents with and without ADHD to speed variables in advance, age, sex and rate of reflectivity /impulsivity. However, if statistically significant differences in relation to the learning potential (IQ) and the extent anticipation speed found. It is recommended that confirmatory studies and research to replicate and evaluate these variables.
It is undeniable that the driving is in itself a complex exercise multitasking activity. So that anyone who wanted to drive, must have certain mental and physical abilities to ensure, at all times, maintaining optimal safety conditions. For one thing, research data and statistics on road accidents they indicate that there are several factors that tip the balance towards greater propensity for risk behaviors in driving by teenagers: the combination of immaturity and inexperience not using a seat belt, speeding or driving too fast, high consumption of technology while driving, etc. On the other hand, distraction and inattention are concurrent human factors in traffic accidents. It has been considered to address the distraction and inattention as continuous and inherent to the person under the aspects disorder Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Listed as a condition manifested by chronic difficulties present to maintain the concentration (attention deficit), mainly in circumstances that offer low stimulation and lack of inhibition / impulse control often associated with motor restlessness (hyperactivity impulsivity) and interfere visibly in the development of the individual, with a very visible role in the clinical, social, welfare, academic fields and, of course, road safety. Just sensitivity / capacity psycho test, anticipation speed, used in Driver Recognition Centers for obtaining or renewing a driver's license in Spain, as an instrument to detect subjects with ADHD is unknown. The aim of this study is to compare the performance in the psycho test that measures the speed of advance, through KCC Test in a sample of 173 subjects, children and adolescents of both sexes, between 7 and 16 years without ADHD and if other variables such as sex, age, the rate of reflexivity/impulsivity (through the Stroop test) and learning potential (measured with test TONI-2) also influence. The results showed no statistically significant differences between children and adolescents with and without ADHD to speed variables in advance, age, sex and rate of reflectivity /impulsivity. However, if statistically significant differences in relation to the learning potential (IQ) and the extent anticipation speed found. It is recommended that confirmatory studies and research to replicate and evaluate these variables.
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Psicología, Departamento de Psicología Evolutiva y de la Educación, leída el 27/01/2016