Publication: Dosimetría a los pacientes pediátricos en cateterismos cardíacos e impacto de las adquisiciones en modo tomográfico
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2016-08-25
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
El Comité Científico de Naciones Unidas sobre los Efectos de la Radiación Atómica (UNSCEAR) indica que una de las fuentes principales de radiación artificial a la población mundial es la cardiología intervencionista. Los procedimientos intervencionistas cardíacos son complejos y los pacientes reciben mayores dosis de radiación que en radiología convencional. Las intervenciones coronarias percutáneas complejas y los procedimientos electrofisiológicos se asocian con altas dosis de radiación y, a veces, implican dosis en la piel tan elevadas que pueden causar lesiones y aumentan el riesgo de padecer cáncer. En los últimos años ha aumentado considerablemente el número y el tipo de intervenciones cardíacas pediátricas, especialmente el diagnóstico y tratamiento de defectos cardíacos congénitos. Los pacientes pediátricos, al ser más sensibles a la radiación, requieren una atención especial desde el punto de vista de la protección radiológica. Los niños expuestos a la radiación tienen mayor probabilidad de padecer cáncer (el riesgo es de 2 a 3 veces mayor) que el resto de la población y son más radiosensibles a tumores de tiroides, piel, mama, cerebrales y leucemia...
The United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) has stated that interventional cardiology is one of the main sources of artificial radiation for the world population. Such procedures are complex and may involve prolonged irradiation, meaning that patients are subjected to higher radiation doses than those encountered in general radiology. Complex percutaneous coronary interventions and cardiac electrophysiology procedures are associated with high radiation doses and sometimes result in patient skin doses high enough to cause radiation injury and increased risk of cancer. In recent years there has been a large increase in the number and type of paediatric cardiac interventions performed, especially the diagnosis and treatment of congenital heart disease. Particular attention should be paid to the radiation doses received by paediatric patients as they are more sensitive to radiation; lifetime cancer risk for those exposed as children may be 2 or 3 times higher than for a population exposed at all ages. Children are more radiosensitive than adults with respect to leukaemia and thyroid, skin, breast and brain cancers. The complexity, and consequently the radiation exposure involved in interventional cardiology are variable. Radiation protection is an aspect of care that should not be neglected; exposure should be minimised during collection of diagnostic information by following optimised protocols i.e. obtaining the required images with the minimum radiation dose...
The United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) has stated that interventional cardiology is one of the main sources of artificial radiation for the world population. Such procedures are complex and may involve prolonged irradiation, meaning that patients are subjected to higher radiation doses than those encountered in general radiology. Complex percutaneous coronary interventions and cardiac electrophysiology procedures are associated with high radiation doses and sometimes result in patient skin doses high enough to cause radiation injury and increased risk of cancer. In recent years there has been a large increase in the number and type of paediatric cardiac interventions performed, especially the diagnosis and treatment of congenital heart disease. Particular attention should be paid to the radiation doses received by paediatric patients as they are more sensitive to radiation; lifetime cancer risk for those exposed as children may be 2 or 3 times higher than for a population exposed at all ages. Children are more radiosensitive than adults with respect to leukaemia and thyroid, skin, breast and brain cancers. The complexity, and consequently the radiation exposure involved in interventional cardiology are variable. Radiation protection is an aspect of care that should not be neglected; exposure should be minimised during collection of diagnostic information by following optimised protocols i.e. obtaining the required images with the minimum radiation dose...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Radiología y Medicina Física, leída el 15-12-2015