Publication: Geoquímica de emanaciones difusas y termografía en sistemas volcánicos: implicaciones para la exploración geotérmica y la vigilancia volcánica en Canarias
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2016-09-01
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
En la presente tesis doctoral, titulada “Geoquímica de emanaciones difusas y termografía en sistemas volcánicos: implicaciones para la exploración geotérmica y la vigilancia volcánica en Canarias”, se ha evaluado el uso conjunto de técnicas geoquímicas (prospecciones geoquímicas de gases y volátiles en el ambiente superficial del suelo) y geofísicas (campañas de exploración magnetotelúrica y estudio de imágenes térmicas) como herramientas para la monitorización volcánica y la exploración geotérmica. Las Islas Canarias fueron el marco de estudio elegido para lograr este objetivo, debido a que en dichas islas ha habido actividad volcánica holocénica (a excepción de La Gomera), habiéndose registrado erupciones históricas en las islas de Tenerife, La Palma, Lanzarote y El Hierro. El archipiélago canario en su conjunto se puede considerar como un área volcánicamente activa, siendo el riesgo volcánico hoy día mayor que hace 40 años, como resultado de un drástico aumento poblacional y socio-económico, expuesto a los peligros volcánicos inherentes a la naturaleza volcánica del archipiélago. En la historia reciente de las Islas Canarias existe una carencia de esfuerzos para la explotación de uno de los beneficios del fenómeno volcánico, como podría ser el desarrollo de la energía geotérmica: Canarias es la única región del territorio nacional con recursos geotérmicos de alta temperatura como consecuencia de la presencia de un volcanismo activo. Por lo tanto, es necesario un mayor esfuerzo para desarrollar la energía geotérmica en Canarias y mejorar los sistemas de detección de señales de alerta ante futuros procesos de reactivación volcánica. Este trabajo de tesis doctoral persigue (i) reducir los impactos negativos de la actividad volcánica en las islas Canarias a través de un avance en la comprensión de la dinámica de las emisiones de gases volcánicos como una poderosa técnica de vigilancia volcánica y (ii) promover el desarrollo de la energía geotérmica a través un avance en el conocimiento de los recursos geotérmicos que pudieran existir en el subsuelo de las Islas Canarias...
In the present Ph.D. Thesis, entitled “Geochemistry of diffuse degassing and thermal imaging in volcanic systems: implications for geothermal exploration and volcano monitoring in the Canary Islands”, the use of soil gas emission studies, together with other geophysical methods as magnetotelluric and infrared (IR) thermal surveys, are evaluated as useful techniques for volcano monitoring and geothermal exploration. Canary Islands were the case study to achieve this objective, because Holocene volcanic activity has occurred on all islands except La Gomera, with historic activity having been on Tenerife, La Palma, Lanzarote and El Hierro. The entire Canarian Archipelago can be considered a volcanically active area and its volcanic risk is now higher than 40 years ago as a result of the actual higher levels of population and socio-economic value exposure to the volcanic hazards present on the territory. In the recent history of the Canary Islands, there have been few efforts to take advantage of the benefits of the Canary Islands volcanism, as would be the development of geothermal energy, although the archipelago is the only Spanish territory with potential high enthalpy geothermal resources due to its volcanic nature and recent volcanic activity. Therefore, greater efforts are needed to develop the geothermal energy in the Canaries and to improve the early warning system of future volcanic reactivation processes. Hence, this Ph.D. Thesis aims (i) to reduce the negative impacts of volcanism on Canary Islands through an advance in the understanding of the dynamics of volcanic gas emissions as a powerful technique for volcano monitoring purposes, and (ii) to promote the development of geothermal energy through an advance in the understanding of geothermal resources that might exist in the subsurface of the Canary Islands...
In the present Ph.D. Thesis, entitled “Geochemistry of diffuse degassing and thermal imaging in volcanic systems: implications for geothermal exploration and volcano monitoring in the Canary Islands”, the use of soil gas emission studies, together with other geophysical methods as magnetotelluric and infrared (IR) thermal surveys, are evaluated as useful techniques for volcano monitoring and geothermal exploration. Canary Islands were the case study to achieve this objective, because Holocene volcanic activity has occurred on all islands except La Gomera, with historic activity having been on Tenerife, La Palma, Lanzarote and El Hierro. The entire Canarian Archipelago can be considered a volcanically active area and its volcanic risk is now higher than 40 years ago as a result of the actual higher levels of population and socio-economic value exposure to the volcanic hazards present on the territory. In the recent history of the Canary Islands, there have been few efforts to take advantage of the benefits of the Canary Islands volcanism, as would be the development of geothermal energy, although the archipelago is the only Spanish territory with potential high enthalpy geothermal resources due to its volcanic nature and recent volcanic activity. Therefore, greater efforts are needed to develop the geothermal energy in the Canaries and to improve the early warning system of future volcanic reactivation processes. Hence, this Ph.D. Thesis aims (i) to reduce the negative impacts of volcanism on Canary Islands through an advance in the understanding of the dynamics of volcanic gas emissions as a powerful technique for volcano monitoring purposes, and (ii) to promote the development of geothermal energy through an advance in the understanding of geothermal resources that might exist in the subsurface of the Canary Islands...
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Tesis presentada en la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Geológicas y leída el 30-10-2015