Publication: Prácticas artísticas colaborativas en contextos de discapacidad: estrategias inclusivas para la toma de conciencia de personas con y sin discapacidad intelectual
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2016-09-27
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
Vivimos un momento histórico de cambio en lo que se refiere al paradigma de la discapacidad. Desde la aprobación de la Convención sobre los derechos de las personas con discapacidad, en 2006, la inclusión de las personas con diversidad funcional cognitiva en la sociedad no es tanto una cuestión de apoyo social, cuanto una cuestión de derechos. Las personas con discapacidad intelectual han estado apartadas de la comunidad, habitando centros especiales donde viven en situación de exclusión social. En estos contextos específicos, sus derechos se ven vulnerados y no gozan de la igualdad de oportunidades que merecen como ciudadanos. Los servicios tradicionales están transformándose a demanda de los movimientos sociales y de las propias personas con diversidad funcional, abriendo paso a otro tipo de entidades: las organizaciones puente. Este tipo de organizaciones emergentes cumplen la función de ofrecer apoyo personalizado a los ciudadanos con diversidad funcional cognitiva para que logren planes de vida buena dentro de la comunidad. A su vez, los servicios comunitarios están trasformándose para ser cada vez más accesibles a una ciudadanía diversa. En el ámbito del arte se ha producido un giro hacia lo social. Los nuevos conceptos de inclusión cultural, museología social, Patrimonio accesible y prácticas artísticas colaborativas han impulsado la aparición de proyectos de arte y de educación que trabajan en el contexto de la discapacidad. Además, en los últimos diez años en museos y centros de arte se han creado programas dirigidos a públicos con diversidad funcional, cuya meta es hacer la cultura más accesible. Esto ha permitido una presencia mayor de personas con discapacidad intelectual en las instituciones culturales. Sin embargo, al estar específicamente orientados a las personas con diversidad funcional, el tipo de participación que ofrece genera nuevas burbujas excluyentes dentro de los centros de arte. Conscientes de esta situación, los departamentos de educación de los museos están buscando nuevas estrategias para apoyar la inclusión real de las personas con diversidad funcional en la sociedad. En el arte contemporáneo, el interés por lo participativo y/o colaborativo favorece que muchos creadores actuales encaren su trabajo transversalmente, es decir, como la intersección de sus propios intereses con las necesidades de los contextos comunitarios. El compromiso social y el activismo son los rasgos esenciales del nuevo arte colaborativo. El presente proyecto de investigación, desarrollado en el contexto de la discapacidad intelectual, se sitúa dentro de este tipo de prácticas...
We are experiencing a historic time of change in the paradigm of disability. Since the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities emerged in 2006, the inclusion of people with functional diversity in society is a matter of rights. People with intellectual disabilities have been neglected and set apart from the community, having to live in special centres where they experience social exclusion. In these specific contexts, their rights are violated and they are not provided with the equal opportunities that, as citizens, they deserve. Demand on behalf of social movements and people with functional diversity themselves, are causing traditional services to change, paving the way for other kinds of entities: ‘bridge’ organisations. Such emerging organisations function offering personalised support to citizens with cognitive functional diversity, in order for them to achieve a good quality of life within the community. Community services are also changing in order to be increasingly accessible to a diverse citizenry. In the field of art, a change of direction has taken place towards a social dimension. The new concepts of Cultural Inclusion, Social Museology, Accessible Heritage and Collaborative Artistic Practices have triggered the development of art and education projects revolving around the context of disability. Over the last ten years, programmes have been carried out in museum and art centres aimed at audiences with functional diversity, with the purpose of making culture more widely accessible. This has allowed a greater presence of people with intellectual disabilities in cultural institutions. However, due to the specificity of their nature, the range of participation these programmes and projects yield within art centres, generate specific areas of exclusion once again. Being aware of this issue, the departments of education within museums are pursuing new strategies to foster real inclusion in society of people with functional diversity. In contemporary art, interest in participation and collaboration allows diverse present-day creators to view their work as an intersection between their interests and the needs of community contexts. Social commitment and activism are essential features in the new collaborative art. Within these practices lies this research project, carried out in the context of intellectual disability...
We are experiencing a historic time of change in the paradigm of disability. Since the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities emerged in 2006, the inclusion of people with functional diversity in society is a matter of rights. People with intellectual disabilities have been neglected and set apart from the community, having to live in special centres where they experience social exclusion. In these specific contexts, their rights are violated and they are not provided with the equal opportunities that, as citizens, they deserve. Demand on behalf of social movements and people with functional diversity themselves, are causing traditional services to change, paving the way for other kinds of entities: ‘bridge’ organisations. Such emerging organisations function offering personalised support to citizens with cognitive functional diversity, in order for them to achieve a good quality of life within the community. Community services are also changing in order to be increasingly accessible to a diverse citizenry. In the field of art, a change of direction has taken place towards a social dimension. The new concepts of Cultural Inclusion, Social Museology, Accessible Heritage and Collaborative Artistic Practices have triggered the development of art and education projects revolving around the context of disability. Over the last ten years, programmes have been carried out in museum and art centres aimed at audiences with functional diversity, with the purpose of making culture more widely accessible. This has allowed a greater presence of people with intellectual disabilities in cultural institutions. However, due to the specificity of their nature, the range of participation these programmes and projects yield within art centres, generate specific areas of exclusion once again. Being aware of this issue, the departments of education within museums are pursuing new strategies to foster real inclusion in society of people with functional diversity. In contemporary art, interest in participation and collaboration allows diverse present-day creators to view their work as an intersection between their interests and the needs of community contexts. Social commitment and activism are essential features in the new collaborative art. Within these practices lies this research project, carried out in the context of intellectual disability...
Description
Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Bellas Artes, Departamento de Didáctica de la Expresión Plástica, leída el 20 enero de 2016 ; presidente, José Luis Piñuel Raigada