Publication: El enfoque financiero vs. el enfoque social del microcrédito. Un análisis comparativo mundial
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2015
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Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales. Escuela de Estudios Cooperativos
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Abstract
La oferta del microcrédito por parte de las instituciones microfinancieras distingue dos enfoques, el llamado “alivio de la pobreza” y el de “autosostenibilidad financiera”. En este trabajo se hace una comparativa mundial de cuatro regiones de países en vías de desarrollo con el fin de identificar bajo qué enfoque la población accede al microcrédito y a su vez verificar si existe un trade off entre ambos enfoques. Para su contrastación se han utilizado diez indicadores financieros y sociales clasificados en dos categorías, la sostenibilidad financiera y el alcance (nivel de pobreza). Los resultados obtenidos concluyen que el modelo financiero se presenta con más notoriedad en las regiones de América Latina y el Caribe y Oriente Medio/África del Norte mientras que en África prevalece el modelo social y en la región de Asia Meridional se aprecia un equilibrio entre ambos enfoques. Igualmente, se constata la contribución al alivio de la pobreza cuando el acceso del microcrédito se dirige mayoritariamente a la mujer.
The supply of microcredit by microfinance institutions distinguishes two approaches, one called "poverty alleviation" and other "financial self-sustainability". In this study it is developed a global comparative in four regions of developing countries in order to recognize the approach to which the population get microcredits, an also to check if there is any trade off between both approaches. We’ve used ten financial and social indicators organized into two categories: financial sustainability and poverty’s scope. The results show that in Latin America and the Caribbean and Middle East/North Africa is presented with more visibility the financial approach while in Africa the social approach prevails, and in the case of South Asia it is found that there is a balance between the two approaches. In addition it was discovered that the expansion of women’s access to microcredit favors to the reduction of poverty.
The supply of microcredit by microfinance institutions distinguishes two approaches, one called "poverty alleviation" and other "financial self-sustainability". In this study it is developed a global comparative in four regions of developing countries in order to recognize the approach to which the population get microcredits, an also to check if there is any trade off between both approaches. We’ve used ten financial and social indicators organized into two categories: financial sustainability and poverty’s scope. The results show that in Latin America and the Caribbean and Middle East/North Africa is presented with more visibility the financial approach while in Africa the social approach prevails, and in the case of South Asia it is found that there is a balance between the two approaches. In addition it was discovered that the expansion of women’s access to microcredit favors to the reduction of poverty.
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