Publication: Oscuridad y exilio interior en la obra de Rafael Alberti
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2016-11-07
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
Rafael Alberti, miembro de la Generación del 27, es autor de una dilatada obra en la que la luz y su opuesto, la sombra, juegan un papel determinante. La oscuridad es, precisamente, el eje que sostiene toda su poética, junto a una esperanza constante de escapar hacia la luz. Dicha oscuridad se combina con un sempiterno sentimiento de desarraigo hacia el presente que el propio autor definió como “la nostalgia inseparable”. Alberti fue uno de los muchos intelectuales españoles que sufrieron el exilio tras la derrota de la II República en la Guerra Civil. Desde que salió de España, la patria abandonada se convirtió en el Paraíso perdido que evocaba constantemente. Pero el sentimiento de exilio ya existía antes de abandonar España, cuando ese Paraíso se identificaba con su pueblo natal, que dejó en la adolescencia para trasladarse a Madrid. Y cuando regresó a España al morir Franco, serían las tierras de su exilio las que adquirirían tintes paradisíacos. Porque, en realidad, los sucesivos paraísos perdidos y añorados no son espaciales, sino temporales. Alberti es incapaz de arraigarse a su presente, en el cual no encuentra su identidad. Esta tesis constituye una revisión de su obra poética y teatral desde el enfoque de la oscuridad y del sentimiento de exilio interior, llegando a demostrarse que los momentos álgidos de ésta coinciden con las crisis personales que experimentó a lo largo de su vida. Es decir, que la obra parte de la oscuridad y se sostiene en la nostalgia. Es la respuesta a la imposibilidad de regresar a un pasado definitivamente perdido.
Rafael Alberti, member of the Spanish Generation of ’27, has an extensive work in which light and its opposite, shadow, play a decisive role. Darkness is precisely the backbone holding all his poetry, with a constant hope of escaping into the light. This darkness is combined with an everlasting feeling of rootlessness into the present that the author defined as "the inseparable nostalgia". Alberti was one of many Spanish intellectuals who suffered exile after the defeat of the Second Republic in the Civil War. After leaving Spain, the country became lost Paradise, constantly evoked. But the feeling of exiled already existed before leaving Spain, when that Paradise was identified with his hometown, that he left in his adolescence to move to Madrid. And when dictator Franco died and Alberti returned to Spain, the lands of exile acquired heavenly dyes in his literature, because successive lost and missed heavens are not space, but time. Alberti is unable to take hold at his present, where he doesn’t find his identity. This thesis is a review of his poetry and theater plays from the approach of darkness and the feeling of inner exile, with the pretenses of proving that the highlights of his literary career coincide with the personal crises experienced throughout his life. So his work is born of darkness and held in nostalgia. It is the answer to the impossibility of returning to a past lost forever.
Rafael Alberti, member of the Spanish Generation of ’27, has an extensive work in which light and its opposite, shadow, play a decisive role. Darkness is precisely the backbone holding all his poetry, with a constant hope of escaping into the light. This darkness is combined with an everlasting feeling of rootlessness into the present that the author defined as "the inseparable nostalgia". Alberti was one of many Spanish intellectuals who suffered exile after the defeat of the Second Republic in the Civil War. After leaving Spain, the country became lost Paradise, constantly evoked. But the feeling of exiled already existed before leaving Spain, when that Paradise was identified with his hometown, that he left in his adolescence to move to Madrid. And when dictator Franco died and Alberti returned to Spain, the lands of exile acquired heavenly dyes in his literature, because successive lost and missed heavens are not space, but time. Alberti is unable to take hold at his present, where he doesn’t find his identity. This thesis is a review of his poetry and theater plays from the approach of darkness and the feeling of inner exile, with the pretenses of proving that the highlights of his literary career coincide with the personal crises experienced throughout his life. So his work is born of darkness and held in nostalgia. It is the answer to the impossibility of returning to a past lost forever.
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Filología, Departamento de Filología Española II (Literatura Española), leída el 14/12/2015