Publication: Breaking the curve with candels: a Bayesian approach to reveal the non-universality of the dust-attenuation law at high redshift
Loading...
Official URL
Full text at PDC
Publication Date
2016-08-10
Authors
otros, ...
Advisors (or tutors)
Editors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
American Astronomical Society
Citations
Exportar
Abstract
Dust attenuation affects nearly all observational aspects of galaxy evolution, yet very little is known about the form of the dust-attenuation law in the distant universe. Here, we model the spectral energy distributions of galaxies at z ~ 1.5–3 from CANDELS with rest-frame UV to near-IR imaging under different assumptions about the dust law, and compare the amount of inferred attenuated light with the observed infrared (IR) luminosities. Some individual galaxies show strong Bayesian evidence in preference of one dust law over another, and this preference agrees with their observed location on the plane of infrared excess (IRX, L_TIR/L_UV) and UV slope (β). We generalize the shape of the dust law with an empirical model, A_ λ,σ =E(B-V)k_ λ (λ / λ v)^ σ where k_λ is the dust law of Calzetti et al., and show that there exists a correlation between the color excess E(B-V) and tilt δ with δ =(0.62±0.05)log(E(B-V))+(0.26±0.02). Galaxies with high color excess have a shallower, starburst-like law, and those with low color excess have a steeper, SMC-like law. Surprisingly, the galaxies in our sample show no correlation between the shape of the dust law and stellar mass, star formation rate, or β. The change in the dust law with color excess is consistent with a model where attenuation is caused by scattering, a mixed star–dust geometry, and/or trends with stellar population age, metallicity, and dust grain size. This rest-frame UV-to-near-IR method shows potential to constrain the dust law at even higher redshifts (z>3).
Description
© 2016. The American Astronomical Society.
Artículo firmado por 16 autores.
We thank the referee for thoughtful and constructive feedback on this work. We acknowledge our colleagues in the CANDELS collaboration for very useful comments and suggestions. We also thank the great effort of all the CANDELS team members for their work to provide a robust and valuable data set. We thank Karl Gordon for insightful discussions on the physical implications of these results. We also thank Daniela Calzetti and Veronique Buat for helpful comments and comments. This work is based in part on observations taken by the CANDELS Multi-Cycle Treasury Program with the NASA/ESA HST, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS5-26555. This work is supported by HST program No. GO-12060. Support for Program No. GO-12060 was provided by NASA through a grant from the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Incorporated, under NASA contract NAS5-26555. We acknowledge the Spanish MINECO grant AYA2012-31277 for funding the contribution from Pablo Pérez Gonzalez. This work is based in part on observations made with the Spitzer Space Telescope, which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). The authors acknowledge the Texas A&M University Brazos HPC cluster that contributed to the research reported here. URL: http://brazos.tamu.edu.
UCM subjects
Unesco subjects
Keywords
Citation
Ashby, M. L. N., Willner, S. P., Fazio, G. G., et al. 2013, ApJ, 769, 80
Balestra, I., Mainieri, V., Popesso, P., et al. 2010, A&A, 512, A12
Beckwith, S. V. W., Stiavelli, M., Koekemoer, A. M., et al. 2006, AJ, 132, 1729
Bell, E. F. 2002, ApJ, 577, 150
Boquien, M., Buat, V., Boselli, A., et al. 2012, A&A, 539, A145
Boquien, M., Calzetti, D., Kennicutt, R., et al. 2009, ApJ, 706, 553
Brammer, G. B., van Dokkum, P. G., & Coppi, P. 2008, ApJ, 686, 1503
Bruzual, G., & Charlot, S. 2003, MNRAS, 344, 1000
Bruzual, G., Magris, G., & Calvet, N. 1988, ApJ, 333, 673
Buat, V., Giovannoli, E., Burgarella, D., et al. 2010, MNRAS, 409, L1
Buat, V., Giovannoli, E., Heinis, S., et al. 2011, A&A, 533, A93
Buat, V., Iglesias Páramo, J., Seibert, M., et al. 2005, ApJL, 619, L51
Buat, V., Noll, S., Burgarella, D., et al. 2012, A&A, 545, A141
Burgarella, D., Buat, V., & Iglesias Páramo, J. 2005, MNRAS, 360, 1413
Calzetti, D. 1997, in AIP Conf. Ser. 408, The Ultraviolet Universe at Low and High Redshift, ed. W. H. Waller (Melville, NY: AIP), 403
Calzetti, D. 2001, PASP, 113, 1449
Calzetti, D., Armus, L., Bohlin, R. C., et al. 2000, ApJ, 533, 682
Calzetti, D., Kinney, A. L., & Storchi-Bergmann, T. 1994, ApJ, 429, 582
Calzetti, D., Wu, S.-Y., Hong, S., et al. 2010, ApJ, 714, 1256
Capak, P. L., Carilli, C., Jones, G., et al. 2015, Natur, 522, 455
Casey, C. M., Narayanan, D., & Cooray, A. 2014a, PhR, 541, 45
Casey, C. M., Scoville, N. Z., Sanders, D. B., et al. 2014b, ApJ, 796, 95
Charlot, S., & Fall, S. M. 1993, ApJ, 415, 580
Charlot, S., & Fall, S. M. 2000, ApJ, 539, 718
Chevallard, J., Charlot, S., Wandelt, B., & Wild, V. 2013, MNRAS, 432, 2061
Conroy, C., & Gunn, J. E. 2010, ApJ, 712, 833
Daddi, E., Dannerbauer, H., Stern, D., et al. 2009, ApJ, 694, 1517
Dahlen, T., Mobasher, B., Faber, S. M., et al. 2013, ApJ, 775, 93
Dale, D. A., & Helou, G. 2002, ApJ, 576, 159
Dale, D. A., Helou, G., Contursi, A., Silbermann, N. A., & Kolhatkar, S. 2001, ApJ, 549, 215
Davé, R., Finlator, K., & Oppenheimer, B. D. 2011, MNRAS, 416, 1354
de Barros, S., Reddy, N., & Shivaei, I. 2015, arXiv:1509.05055
Doherty, M., Bunker, A. J., Ellis, R. S., & McCarthy, P. J. 2005, MNRAS, 361, 525
Donley, J. L., Koekemoer, A. M., Brusa, M., et al. 2012, ApJ, 748, 142
Draine, B. T. 2003, ApJ, 598, 1017
Draine, B. T., & Li, A. 2001, ApJ, 551, 807
Elbaz, D., Dickinson, M., Hwang, H. S., et al. 2011, A&A, 533, A119
Elíasdóttir, Á, Fynbo, J. P. U., Hjorth, J., et al. 2009, ApJ, 697, 1725
Ellis, R. S., McLure, R. J., Dunlop, J. S., et al. 2013, ApJL, 763, L7
Fadda, D., Yan, L., Lagache, G., et al. 2010, ApJ, 719, 425
Finkelstein, S. L., Papovich, C., Salmon, B., et al. 2012, ApJ, 756, 164
Forrest, B., Tran, K.-V. H., Tomczak, A. R., et al. 2016, ApJL, 818, L26
Gall, C., Andersen, A. C., & Hjorth, J. 2011a, A&A, 528, A13
Gall, C., Andersen, A. C., & Hjorth, J. 2011b, A&A, 528, A14
Gall, C., Hjorth, J., & Andersen, A. C. 2011c, A&ARv, 19, 43
Giavalisco, M., Ferguson, H. C., Koekemoer, A. M., et al. 2004, ApJL, 600, L93
Gordon, K. D., Clayton, G. C., Misselt, K. A., Landolt, A. U., & Wolff, M. J. 2003, ApJ, 594, 279
Gordon, K. D., Clayton, G. C., Witt, A. N., & Misselt, K. A. 2000, ApJ, 533, 236
Gordon, K. D., Misselt, K. A., Witt, A. N., & Clayton, G. C. 2001, ApJ, 551, 269
Gordon, K. D., Witt, A. N., Carruthers, G. R., Christensen, S. A., & Dohne, B. C. 1994, ApJ, 432, 641
Grogin, N. A., Kocevski, D. D., Faber, S. M., et al. 2011, ApJS, 197, 35
Guo, Q., White, S., Boylan-Kolchin, M., et al. 2011, MNRAS, 413, 101
Guo, Y., Ferguson, H. C., Giavalisco, M., et al. 2013, ApJS, 207, 24
Heckerman, D. 1995, A Tutorial on Learning with Bayesian Networks, in Learning in Graphical Models (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press)
Illingworth, G. D., Magee, D., Oesch, P. A., et al. 2013, ApJS, 209, 6
Jeffreys, H. 1935, Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, 98, 39
Jeffreys, H. 1961, Theory of Probability (3rd ed.; Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press)
Jones, A. P., Fanciullo, L., Köhler, M., et al. 2013, A&A, 558, A62
Kass, R. E., & Raftery, A. E. 1995, J. Am. Stat. Assoc., 90, 773
Kennicutt, R. C., Jr. 1998, ARA&A, 36, 189
Kennicutt, R. C., Jr., Hao, C.-N., Calzetti, D., et al. 2009, ApJ, 703, 1672
Kinney, A. L., Calzetti, D., Bohlin, R. C., et al. 1996, ApJ, 467, 38
Koekemoer, A. M., Ellis, R. S., McLure, R. J., et al. 2013, ApJS, 209, 3
Koekemoer, A. M., Faber, S. M., Ferguson, H. C., et al. 2011, ApJS, 197, 36
Kriek, M., & Conroy, C. 2013, ApJL, 775, L16
Kriek, M., van Dokkum, P. G., Franx, M., et al. 2008, ApJ, 677, 219
Laidler, V. G., Papovich, C., Grogin, N. A., et al. 2007, PASP, 119, 1325
Laursen, P., & Sommer-Larsen, J. 2007, ApJL, 657, L69
Lee, K.-S., Dey, A., Reddy, N., et al. 2011, ApJ, 733, 99
Lee, S.-K., Ferguson, H. C., Somerville, R. S., Wiklind, T., & Giavalisco, M. 2010, ApJ, 725, 1644
Madau, P., & Dickinson, M. 2014, ARA&A, 52, 415
Mancuso, C., Lapi, A., Shi, J., et al. 2016, ApJ, 823, 128
Mann, I., Nakamura, A. M., & Mukai, T. (ed.) 2009, Small Bodies in Planetary Systems, Vol. 758 (Berlin: Springer)
Meiksin, A. 2006, MNRAS, 365, 807
Meurer, G. R., Heckman, T. M., & Calzetti, D. 1999, ApJ, 521, 64
Meurer, G. R., Heckman, T. M., Leitherer, C., et al. 1995, AJ, 110, 2665
Mignoli, M., Cimatti, A., Zamorani, G., et al. 2005, A&A, 437, 883
Mitchell, P. D., Lacey, C. G., Baugh, C. M., & Cole, S. 2013, MNRAS, 435, 87
Morgan, H. L., & Edmunds, M. G. 2003, MNRAS, 343, 427
Muñoz Mateos, J. C., Gil de Paz, A., Boissier, S., et al. 2009, ApJ, 701, 1965
Nardini, E., Risaliti, G., Watabe, Y., Salvati, M., & Sani, E. 2010, MNRAS, 405, 2505
Newton, M. A., Czado, C., & Chappell, R. 1996, J. Am. Stat. Assoc., 91, 142
Noll, S., Pierini, D., Cimatti, A., et al. 2009, A&A, 499, 69
Noll, S., Pierini, D., Pannella, M., & Savaglio, S. 2007, A&A, 472, 455
Noterdaeme, P., Ledoux, C., Srianand, R., Petitjean, P., & Lopez, S. 2009, A&A, 503, 765
Nozawa, T., Asano, R. S., Hirashita, H., & Takeuchi, T. T. 2015, MNRAS, 447, L16
Nozawa, T., Kozasa, T., Umeda, H., Maeda, K., & Nomoto, K. 2003, ApJ, 598, 785
Overzier, R. A., Heckman, T. M., Wang, J., et al. 2011, ApJL, 726, L7
Pacifici, C., Charlot, S., Blaizot, J., & Brinchmann, J. 2012, MNRAS, 421, 2002
Padovani, P., Miller, N., Kellermann, K. I., et al. 2011, ApJ, 740, 20
Papovich, C., Dickinson, M., & Ferguson, H. C. 2001, ApJ, 559, 620
Papovich, C., Finkelstein, S. L., Ferguson, H. C., Lotz, J. M., & Giavalisco, M. 2011, MNRAS, 412, 1123
Papovich, C., Moustakas, L. A., Dickinson, M., et al. 2006, ApJ, 640, 92
Papovich, C., Rudnick, G., Le Floc’h, E., et al. 2007, ApJ, 668, 45
Pei, Y. C. 1992, ApJ, 395, 130
Penner, K., Dickinson, M., Weiner, B., et al. 2015, arXiv:1507.00728
Pforr, J., Maraston, C., & Tonini, C. 2012, MNRAS, 422, 3285
Pforr, J., Maraston, C., & Tonini, C. 2013, MNRAS, 435, 1389
Popesso, P., Dickinson, M., Nonino, M., et al. 2009, A&A, 494, 443
Prevot, M. L., Lequeux, J., Prevot, L., Maurice, E., & Rocca-Volmerange, B. 1984, A&A, 132, 389
Price, S. H., Kriek, M., Brammer, G. B., et al. 2014, ApJ, 788, 86
Reddy, N., Dickinson, M., Elbaz, D., et al. 2012, ApJ, 744, 154
Reddy, N. A., Erb, D. K., Pettini, M., Steidel, C. C., & Shapley, A. E. 2010, ApJ, 712, 1070
Reddy, N. A., Kriek, M., Shapley, A. E., et al. 2015, ApJ, 806, 259
Reddy, N. A., Steidel, C. C., Fadda, D., et al. 2006, ApJ, 644, 792
Rieke, G. H., Alonso Herrero, A., Weiner, B. J., et al. 2009, ApJ, 692, 556
Rujopakarn, W., Rieke, G. H., Eisenstein, D. J., & Juneau, S. 2011, ApJ, 726, 93
Rujopakarn, W., Rieke, G. H., Weiner, B. J., et al. 2013, ApJ, 767, 73
Salmon, B., Papovich, C., Finkelstein, S. L., et al. 2015, ApJ, 799, 183
Salpeter, E. E. 1955, ApJ, 121, 161
Sanders, R. L., Shapley, A. E., Kriek, M., et al. 2015, arXiv:1509.03636
Santini, P., Ferguson, H. C., Fontana, A., et al. 2015, ApJ, 801, 97
Scoville, N., Faisst, A., Capak, P., et al. 2015, ApJ, 800, 108
Seibert, M., Martin, D. C., Heckman, T. M., et al. 2005, ApJL, 619, L55
Shapley, A. E., Reddy, N. A., Kriek, M., et al. 2015, ApJ, 801, 88
Shimakawa, R., Kodama, T., Steidel, C. C., et al. 2015, MNRAS, 451, 1284
Siana, B., Smail, I., Swinbank, A. M., et al. 2009, ApJ, 698, 1273
Sklias, P., Zamojski, M., Schaerer, D., et al. 2014, A&A, 561, A149
Smit, R., Bouwens, R. J., Labbé, I., et al. 2014, ApJ, 784, 58
Smith, D. J. B., & Hayward, C. C. 2015, MNRAS, 453, 1597
Song, M., Finkelstein, S. L., Ashby, M. L. N., et al. 2016, ApJ, 825, 5
Steidel, C. C., Rudie, G. C., Strom, A. L., et al. 2014, ApJ, 795, 165
Sutton, A. J., & Abrams, K. R. 2001, Statistical Methods in Medical Research, 10, 277
Tanaka, M. 2015, ApJ, 801, 20
Tilvi, V., Papovich, C., Tran, K.-V. H., et al. 2013, ApJ, 768, 56
Todini, P., & Ferrara, A. 2001, MNRAS, 325, 726
U, V., Hemmati, S., Darvish, B., et al. 2015, ApJ, 815, 57
Vanzella, E., Cristiani, S., Dickinson, M., et al. 2008, A&A, 478, 83
Ventura, P., Dell’Agli, F., Schneider, R., et al. 2014, MNRAS, 439, 977
Verhamme, A., Dubois, Y., Blaizot, J., et al. 2012, A&A, 546, A111
Walcher, J., Groves, B., Budavári, T., & Dale, D. 2011, Ap&SS, 331, 1
Wang, R., Carilli, C. L., Wagg, J., et al. 2008, ApJ, 687, 848
Wilkins, S. M., Bouwens, R. J., Oesch, P. A., et al. 2016, MNRAS, 455, 659
Williams, R. J., Quadri, R. F., Franx, M., van Dokkum, P., & Labbé, I. 2009, ApJ, 691, 1879
Windhorst, R. A., Cohen, S. H., Hathi, N. P., et al. 2011, ApJS, 193, 27
Witt, A. N., & Gordon, K. D. 2000, ApJ, 528, 799
Witt, A. N., Petersohn, J. K., Bohlin, R. C., et al. 1992, ApJL, 395, L5
Wuyts, S., Förster Schreiber, N. M., Lutz, D., et al. 2011a, ApJ, 738, 106
Wuyts, S., Förster Schreiber, N. M., van der Wel, A., et al. 2011b, ApJ, 742, 96
Wuyts, S., Labbé, I., Franx, M., et al. 2007, ApJ, 655, 51
Wuyts, S., Labbé, I., Schreiber, N. M. F., et al. 2008, ApJ, 682, 985
Xue, Y. Q., Luo, B., Brandt, W. N., et al. 2011, ApJS, 195, 10
Yajima, H., Li, Y., Zhu, Q., et al. 2012, ApJ, 754, 118
Zeimann, G. R., Ciardullo, R., Gronwall, C., et al. 2015, ApJ, 814, 162