Publication: La peste porcina africana en el este de Europa: evolución de los aislados circulantes y evaluación de las herramientas diagnósticas para su control
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2016-11-17
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
La Peste Porcina Africana (PPA) es una enfermedad porcina de etiología vírica muy compleja, de carácter infecto-contagioso, para la que actualmente no existe vacuna. Por su gran importancia económica y sanitaria aparece incluida dentro del grupo de enfermedades de declaración obligatoria de la lista de la OIE y de la Unión Europea y su presencia conduce a restricciones inmediatas sobre el comercio de cerdo y productos derivados. Está causada por el virus de la Peste porcina africana (vPPA), un virus ADN de gran tamaño y estructura compleja, que presenta una envuelta lipoprotéica y una elevada variabilidad genética y antigénica, con 22 genotipos diferentes descritos hasta la fecha. Pertenece a la familia Asfarviridae, genero Asfivirus, de la que es el único integrante. Actualmente está presente en 22 países del África subsahariana, en la isla de Cerdeña, Italia, y desde su introducción en Georgia en 2007, tanto en la región transcaucásica como en el centro y sur de la zona occidental de la Federación Rusa (FR). La compleja situación epidemiológica de la PPA en el este de Europa, con focos continuados en la FR y afectando también a otros países vecinos de la UE como Bielorrusia y Ucrania, originó finalmente la entrada de la enfermedad en varios países de la UE en 2014, Lituania, Polonia, Letonia y Estonia en los que, hasta agosto de 2015, se realizaron más de 1000 notificaciones principalmente en jabalí, y en mucha menor medida en cerdo doméstico. Únicamente las especies de la familia Suidae y a las garrapatas blandas del género Ornithodoros son infectadas de forma natural por el vPPA. En cerdos domésticos y jabalíes europeos las manifestaciones clínicas de la enfermedad son variables. Por el contrario, los suidos silvestres africanos son resistentes a la infección, habitualmente con cursos clínicos de tipo inaparente...
African swine fever (ASF) is a porcine disease with a complex viral etiology. It is infectious and contagious. No vaccine for ASF currently exists. Because of its economic importance and its impact on public health, ASF is on both the OIE and the European Union (EU) lists of diseases that are required to be disclosed. When ASF is detected, restrictions are immediately imposed on the commerce of pork and its derivatives. ASF is caused by the African swine fever virus (ASFV), a large and structurally complex DNA virus. ASFV has a lipoprotein layer surrounding it. It is antigenically and genetically highly variable: 22 genotypes have been described to date. ASFV belongs to the family Asfarviridae and the genus Asfivirus, of which it is the sole species. ASFV is found in 22 sub-Saharan African countries and the island of Sardinia, Italy. Since having been introduced into Georgia in 2007, it can also be found in the transcaucasian region, such as the center and south of the western area of the Russian Federation (RF). The epidemiological situation of ASF in Eastern Europe is complex. There are continuous outbreaks in the RF and other countries bordering the EU, such as Belorussia and Ukraine. This situation has ultimately led to the entry of the disease into various EU countries in 2014. These are Lithuania, Poland, Latvia, and Estonia. As of August 2015, more than 1000 notifications have been recorded in these countries, primarily for wild boars and to a lesser extent, domestic pigs. Only species from the family Suidae and the soft-bodied ticks of the genus Ornithodoros are naturally infected with ASFV. The clinical signs of the disease are variable in domestic pigs and wild European boars. In contrast, wild African swine are resistant to infection: here, clinical courses are usually of the inapparent type...
African swine fever (ASF) is a porcine disease with a complex viral etiology. It is infectious and contagious. No vaccine for ASF currently exists. Because of its economic importance and its impact on public health, ASF is on both the OIE and the European Union (EU) lists of diseases that are required to be disclosed. When ASF is detected, restrictions are immediately imposed on the commerce of pork and its derivatives. ASF is caused by the African swine fever virus (ASFV), a large and structurally complex DNA virus. ASFV has a lipoprotein layer surrounding it. It is antigenically and genetically highly variable: 22 genotypes have been described to date. ASFV belongs to the family Asfarviridae and the genus Asfivirus, of which it is the sole species. ASFV is found in 22 sub-Saharan African countries and the island of Sardinia, Italy. Since having been introduced into Georgia in 2007, it can also be found in the transcaucasian region, such as the center and south of the western area of the Russian Federation (RF). The epidemiological situation of ASF in Eastern Europe is complex. There are continuous outbreaks in the RF and other countries bordering the EU, such as Belorussia and Ukraine. This situation has ultimately led to the entry of the disease into various EU countries in 2014. These are Lithuania, Poland, Latvia, and Estonia. As of August 2015, more than 1000 notifications have been recorded in these countries, primarily for wild boars and to a lesser extent, domestic pigs. Only species from the family Suidae and the soft-bodied ticks of the genus Ornithodoros are naturally infected with ASFV. The clinical signs of the disease are variable in domestic pigs and wild European boars. In contrast, wild African swine are resistant to infection: here, clinical courses are usually of the inapparent type...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Farmacia, leída el 05-02-2016