Publication: Análisis económico del sistema de pensiones y asistencia social en México
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2017-01-11
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
En la actualidad es de gran relevancia el estudio de los sistemas de pensiones, debido a que la población en etapa de vejez crece rápidamente, al mismo tiempo que la población económicamente activa disminuye. Aunque diversos países han realizado reformas a sus sistemas de pensiones para dotarlos de mayor sostenibilidad financiera, esto no ha tenido un impacto favorable en la cobertura. Por otra parte, el empleo informal ocasiona que no sea significativa la población que cotiza para una pensión. Esta situación ocasionará en México una crisis financiera, ya que no se diversifica la inversión de los fondos de las pensiones, además, que no existe portabilidad entre los más de 104 sistemas de pensiones existentes. La población adulta mayor requiere al igual de servicios asistenciales de salud, de esparcimiento, y de inclusión social; de modo que estos servicios aunados con la pensión satisfagan las necesidades de este sector de la población. Síntesis El objetivo de la investigación es analizar el sistema de pensiones en México, así como estudiar las acciones de asistencia social que se están realizando; ya que la humanidad está sufriendo cambios demográficos importantes, y por ello los expertos de la política social y los organismos intergubernamentales deberían estar preocupados por el tema de la vejez, sin embargo, esta cuestión provoca desinterés en estos. Entre los resultados obtenidos, en Latinoamérica, se puede apreciar que en cuanto a la cobertura de pensiones, en países como Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador y República Dominicana ha aumentado entre 1990 y 2011; Bolivia siguió constante y en Brasil, México, Panamá, Perú y Uruguay disminuyeron los niveles de cobertura en ese periodo...
At present it is of great importance the study of pension systems, because the population is growing rapidly aging stage, while the economically active population decreases. Although several countries have made reforms to their pension systems to make them more financially sustainable, this has had a positive impact on coverage. Moreover, informal employment is insignificant causes the population contributing to a pension. This situation will cause a financial crisis in Mexico, since the investment of pension funds, moreover, that there is no portability among the more than 104 existing pension systems is not diversified. The older population requires assistance services like health, leisure, and social inclusion; so these coupled with the pension services meet the needs of this sector of the population. Synthesis The aim of the research is to analyze the pension system in Mexico, as well as studying the actions of social assistance being made; as humanity is undergoing major demographic changes, and so the social policy experts and intergovernmental agencies should be concerned about the issue of aging, however, this issue causes disinterest in them. Among the results, in Latin America, one can see that in terms of pension coverage in countries such as Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador and Dominican Republic has increased between 1990 and 2011; Bolivia remained constant and in Brazil, Mexico, Panama, Peru and Uruguay coverage levels declined in that period...
At present it is of great importance the study of pension systems, because the population is growing rapidly aging stage, while the economically active population decreases. Although several countries have made reforms to their pension systems to make them more financially sustainable, this has had a positive impact on coverage. Moreover, informal employment is insignificant causes the population contributing to a pension. This situation will cause a financial crisis in Mexico, since the investment of pension funds, moreover, that there is no portability among the more than 104 existing pension systems is not diversified. The older population requires assistance services like health, leisure, and social inclusion; so these coupled with the pension services meet the needs of this sector of the population. Synthesis The aim of the research is to analyze the pension system in Mexico, as well as studying the actions of social assistance being made; as humanity is undergoing major demographic changes, and so the social policy experts and intergovernmental agencies should be concerned about the issue of aging, however, this issue causes disinterest in them. Among the results, in Latin America, one can see that in terms of pension coverage in countries such as Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador and Dominican Republic has increased between 1990 and 2011; Bolivia remained constant and in Brazil, Mexico, Panama, Peru and Uruguay coverage levels declined in that period...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales, Departamento de Economía Aplicada III (Política Económica), leída el 18/01/2016