Publication: Los códigos de conducta y el derecho registral e inmobiliario
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2017-01-31
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
Durante los últimos años, ha sido una constante en la sociedad la floración de los llamados códigos de conducta. Así, muchas empresas, entidades y administraciones han elaborado conjuntos de normas para orientar su actuación y las de sus respectivos empleados o miembros. Conjuntos que van desde códigos relativos al uso de bienes, hasta normas sobre la conducta que observará un prestador de servicios respecto de los consumidores, pasando por normas de conducta que la Administración quiere que se potencien respecto de personas o entidades de un sector, hasta los llamados códigos de buen gobierno de las sociedades mercantiles. Dichos conjuntos de normas inspiradores del comportamiento de los sujetos de un determinado ámbito son una novedad para el Derecho y constituyen una realidad no siempre fácil de incorporar a las categorías normativas antes conocidas, pues son muy diversos y de finalidad muy variada. Algunos estudios han clarificado su naturaleza, valor y efectos en el ámbito del Derecho de obligaciones, laboral, mercantil o administrativo, pero falta un estudio en materia registral e inmobiliaria. La presente tesis procura un estudio de los mismos respecto del Derecho registral e inmobiliario. Para ello, comienza por un repaso al encaje de los códigos en las fuentes del Derecho y de las obligaciones y procura una explicación filosófica de los mismos. Los códigos no son ley, pero encierran principios y proponen una costumbre, de modo que pueden tener un importante valor a través de estas dos fuentes del Derecho. Por otro lado, los códigos pueden gozar de un efecto coactivo si se incorporan al contrato o bien obtienen efecto como declaración unilateral o a través de otros instrumentos de autorregulación como los protocolos familiares o los reglamentos de régimen interior de las comunidades de vecinos. Cada una de estas opciones tiene unos límites que se estudian. Constatando que muchos códigos carecen sin embargo de efecto coactivo, se procura además una explicación filosófica de los mismos: los códigos, aun sin sanción, si que tienen fuerza directiva de las conductas, lo cual choca con la teoría pura del Derecho (positivismo), pero encaja en concepciones iusnaturalistas o intermedias. En la segunda parte, partiendo de los diferentes tipos de códigos y su variable valor según las ideas asentadas en la primera, se estudia la posibilidad de dotar a los códigos de publicidad en cada uno de los cuatro registros jurídicos de nuestro sistema, y los efectos que la inscripción produciría para el control de legalidad que en su caso se pueda ejercer sobre los códigos. Finalmente, se hace una aplicación de toda la teoría (sobre el valor, y sobre el tratamiento registral), a los códigos existentes o potenciales en el mercado hipotecario, con especial atención al código de buenas prácticas de los acreedores hipotecarios introducido por Real Decreto- Ley 6/2012.
For the last years, it has been a constant fact in society the appearance of codes of conduct. So, many companies, entities and administrations have made sets of rules in order to guide the conduct of their employees and members. These sets are from codes concerning the use of goods or even rules about the conduct of a service provider regarding consumers, or codes of conduct that the Administration wants to encourage regarding some persons or entities in a certain sector, until the latest corporate governance codes. These sets of rules that inspire the conduct of the subjects of a certain scope are a novelty for the Law and are a reality that is not always easy to incorporate to before known rules since there are many kinds and have different aims. Some papers have clarified their nature, value and effects in Contract, Labor, Commercial and Administrative Law, but it lasts a research in Real Estate and Registration Law. This paper aims to study of this regarding Real Estate and Registration Law. For that purpose, it starts with review to the codes’ fit into the sources of the Law and the obligations and seeks a philosophical explanation on them. Codes are not Law, but contain principles and propose a custom, so they can have and important value throughout this two sources of Law. Furthermore, codes can enjoy a coercive effect if they join to a contract or obtaining effect as a unilateral declaration or through other self-regulatory instruments such as Family Constitutions or internal regulations of residents’ association. Each one of these options have some limitations that we are going to study. Given that many codes are lack of coercive effect, this paper seeks, moreover, a philosophical explanation of them: codes, even with no punishment, do have power over conducts, which crashes pure theory of the Law (positivism), but fits in iusnaturalistic positions or very close to them. In the second part, starting from different types of codes and its variable worth according to the caught ideas of the first part, will be studied the possibility of giving advice of the code in each one of the four legal registries in our system, and the effects that the inscription would produce in order of their legality control. Finally, it is made a whole theory application (about the value, and about the registry treatment), to the existing or potential codes in mortgage market, focusing on mortgage creditors’ code of good manners, introduced by Royal Decree 6/2012...
For the last years, it has been a constant fact in society the appearance of codes of conduct. So, many companies, entities and administrations have made sets of rules in order to guide the conduct of their employees and members. These sets are from codes concerning the use of goods or even rules about the conduct of a service provider regarding consumers, or codes of conduct that the Administration wants to encourage regarding some persons or entities in a certain sector, until the latest corporate governance codes. These sets of rules that inspire the conduct of the subjects of a certain scope are a novelty for the Law and are a reality that is not always easy to incorporate to before known rules since there are many kinds and have different aims. Some papers have clarified their nature, value and effects in Contract, Labor, Commercial and Administrative Law, but it lasts a research in Real Estate and Registration Law. This paper aims to study of this regarding Real Estate and Registration Law. For that purpose, it starts with review to the codes’ fit into the sources of the Law and the obligations and seeks a philosophical explanation on them. Codes are not Law, but contain principles and propose a custom, so they can have and important value throughout this two sources of Law. Furthermore, codes can enjoy a coercive effect if they join to a contract or obtaining effect as a unilateral declaration or through other self-regulatory instruments such as Family Constitutions or internal regulations of residents’ association. Each one of these options have some limitations that we are going to study. Given that many codes are lack of coercive effect, this paper seeks, moreover, a philosophical explanation of them: codes, even with no punishment, do have power over conducts, which crashes pure theory of the Law (positivism), but fits in iusnaturalistic positions or very close to them. In the second part, starting from different types of codes and its variable worth according to the caught ideas of the first part, will be studied the possibility of giving advice of the code in each one of the four legal registries in our system, and the effects that the inscription would produce in order of their legality control. Finally, it is made a whole theory application (about the value, and about the registry treatment), to the existing or potential codes in mortgage market, focusing on mortgage creditors’ code of good manners, introduced by Royal Decree 6/2012...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Derecho, Departamento de Derecho Civil, leída el 13-01-2016