Publication: Imagen y legitimación de la Medicina en el cine de la República de Weimar
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2017-02-02
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
Entendemos por República de Weimar el período de la historia de Alemania comprendido entre los años 1918 y 1933. Durante estos años se produjo un importante desarrollo de las artes, entre las que destacó el cine por su capacidad para llegar a las masas. Durante la República de Weimar la Medicina ocupó un papel fundamental en la nueva sociedad, influyendo de forma determinante en aspectos como la política (salud pública), sociedad (libertades individuales) y la cultura (psicoanálisis). En el momento actual no existen estudios historiográficos en los que se haya realizado un análisis sistemático de los filmes de Weimar desde la perspectiva de la Medicina. La hipótesis de este trabajo es que durante la República de Weimar existió una relación estrecha y constante entre el cine y la Medicina. El objetivo principal de este trabajo de investigación es analizar dicha relación. A partir de los resultados obtenidos, las conclusiones de este trabajo de investigación son las siguientes: 1.Existen numerosos ejemplos que permiten afirmar que durante el periodo de la República de Weimar se estableció una relación estrecha entre la Medicina y el cine. 2.Los cineastas presentan la imagen del médico por tres vías: En función de sus experiencias personales como pacientes, para representar nuevos modelos sociosanitarios desarrollados durante el periodo republicano o recurriendo a la experiencia médica para fundamentar los hechos analizados en sus películas. 3.La Medicina recurre al cine por su gran alcance social por tres motivos principales: Para difundir mensajes médicos entre la población, para legitimar su actividad frente a la imagen negativa proyectada por determinados filmes, para promocionar las actividades clínicas de las instituciones que representan o para colaborar con los artistas en el desarrollo de películas de alto interés social promovidas por los estudios cinematográficos.
The Weimar Republic is the period of German history comprised between 1918 and 1933. In this period, a spectacular development of arts took place, especially of cinema due to its acceptance among the general public. During Weimar Republic, Medicine played an essential role in the new society, strongly influencing politics (public health), society (individual freedoms) and culture (psychoanalysis). Background and rationale Two classical studies have previously analysed cinema during the Weimar Republic: From Caligari to Hitler (1947) by Siegfried Kracauer (1889-1966) and The Haunted Screen (1974) by Lotte Eisner (1896-1983). Current approaches to the issue focus mainly on the cinematographic portrayal of social aspects of this historical period. An outstanding example of this kind of study would be Shell Shock Cinema, Weimar Culture and the Wounds of War by Anton Kaes (2009). To date, no previous study has systematically analysed the complete body of German films produced during the Weimar Republic from a medical perspective. Hypothesis During the Weimar Republic a close and constant relationship existed between cinema and Medicine. This relationship is illustrated by the introduction of medicine- and illness-related topics by filmmakers in the films of this period. This runs parallel with the use of the cinematograph by physicians to disseminate specific medical messages to society, aimed at providing legitimacy to the figure of the doctor and increasing awareness of public health issues...
The Weimar Republic is the period of German history comprised between 1918 and 1933. In this period, a spectacular development of arts took place, especially of cinema due to its acceptance among the general public. During Weimar Republic, Medicine played an essential role in the new society, strongly influencing politics (public health), society (individual freedoms) and culture (psychoanalysis). Background and rationale Two classical studies have previously analysed cinema during the Weimar Republic: From Caligari to Hitler (1947) by Siegfried Kracauer (1889-1966) and The Haunted Screen (1974) by Lotte Eisner (1896-1983). Current approaches to the issue focus mainly on the cinematographic portrayal of social aspects of this historical period. An outstanding example of this kind of study would be Shell Shock Cinema, Weimar Culture and the Wounds of War by Anton Kaes (2009). To date, no previous study has systematically analysed the complete body of German films produced during the Weimar Republic from a medical perspective. Hypothesis During the Weimar Republic a close and constant relationship existed between cinema and Medicine. This relationship is illustrated by the introduction of medicine- and illness-related topics by filmmakers in the films of this period. This runs parallel with the use of the cinematograph by physicians to disseminate specific medical messages to society, aimed at providing legitimacy to the figure of the doctor and increasing awareness of public health issues...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública e Historia de la Ciencia, leída el 21/01/2016