Publication: Prevalencia de la epilepsia en España
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2017-02-24
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
INTRODUCCIÓN: La epilepsia es uno de los trastornos neurológicos más frecuentes, presente en todas las sociedades y grupos de edad. La Organización Mundial de la Salud estima que 50 millones de personas padecen o han padecido epilepsia en algún momento de su vida en todo el mundo (WHO, 2012). Se trata de una patología crónica con un alto impacto social y sobre la calidad de vida tanto para quien lo sufre como sus familiares, pero también para el sistema sanitario y económico. Hasta la fecha se han realizado numerosos estudios epidemiológicos, pero la realidad es que todavía existen muchas controversias acerca de la verdadera frecuencia y distribución a lo largo de la geografía mundial de la epilepsia (Bell et al., 2014; Begui y Hesdorffer, 2014). La mayor parte de los estudios ofrecen datos sobre la epilepsia activa (EA), siendo escasos los que también aportan resultados sobre la epilepsia a lo largo de la vida (ELV). En el caso de la epilepsia activa, las cifras son dispares y varían entre 2,3 por cada 1000 habitantes en un estudio realizado en Libia (Sridharan et al., 1986) hasta 57 por cada 1000 habitantes en una pequeña comunidad en Panamá (Gracia et al., 1990). Por otro lado, los resultados acerca de la prevalencia de epilepsia a lo largo de la vida fluctuan entre 2,9 por 1000 habitantes en Rochester en el año 1940 (Hauser et al., 1991) y 32,1 por 1000 habitantes en un área rural de Perú (Montano et al., 2005). A pesar de estos valores extremos, la mayoría de los autores consideran que la prevalencia de epilepsia se encuentra en cifras entre 5-10 por 1000 habitantes aplicable a la población mundial general (Sander y Shorvon, 1996). Por otra parte, la prevalencia de la epilepsia a nivel mundial y su distribución en base al nivel de desarrollo económico continúa siendo un dilema y motivo de debate actual. Según diversos autores, varía según el grado de desarrollo de un país, con tendencia a ser más baja en países desarrollados frente a los menos desarrollados y dentro de los países menos desarrollados, mayor en áreas rurales frente a urbanas (Banerjee et al., 2009; Jallon, 1997; Ngugi et al., 2010, Sander y Shorvon, 1996). Se estiman valores de prevalencia de epilepsia en países desarrollados de 4-7 por 1000 habitantes (Sander y Shorvon, 1996) mientras que en los países en vías de desarrollo la horquilla es más variable con datos que fluctúan entre 0,9 y 74 por 1000 habitantes (Benamer y Grosset, 2009; Preux y Druet-Cabanac, 2005)...
INTRODUCTION: Epilepsy is one of the most frequent neurologic disorders; it can be found in any society, across all age groups. The World Health Organization estimates that 50 million people suffer or have suffered epilepsy at any moment of their lives (WHO, 2012). It is a chronic pathology with a high impact both socially and in quality of life terms, but also for the healthcare and economic system. There have been a large number of epidemiologic studies up to now, but the fact is that there are still many controversies surrounding the actual frequency and distribution of epilepsy worldwide (Bell et al., 2014; Begui and Hesdorffer, 2014). Most studies offer data about active epilepsy (AE), being fewer those contributing results about lifetime epilepsy (LTE). With respect to active epilepsy, figures are disparate, ranging from 2,3 cases per 1000 inhabitants in a study conducted in Libya (Sridharan et al., 1986) to 57 per 1000 inhabitants in a small community in Panama (Gracia et al., 1990). On the other hand, results about the prevalence of lifetime epilepsy vary from 2,9 cases per 1000 inhabitants in Rochester in 1940 (Hauser et al., 1991) and 32,1 per 1000 inhabitants in a rural area in Peru (Montano et al., 2005). In spite of these extreme values, most authors consider that the prevalence of active epilepsy can be measured from 5 to 10 per 1000 inhabitants when considering the global population (Sander and Shorvon, 1996). Moreover, the prevalence of epilepsy worldwide and its distribution in relation with economic development levels is still a current issue and a matter of debate. According to several authors, it varies with the development level of a country, tending to be lower in developed countries than in developed ones, and within these underdeveloped countries, higher in rural areas than in urban ones (Banerjee et al., 2009; Jallon, 1997; Ngugi et al., 2010, Sander and Shorvon, 1996). 4-7 per 1000 inhabitants is the estimation in developed countries (Sander and Shorvon, 1996), whereas in developing countries the estimation ranges from 0,9 to 74 per 1000 inhabitants (Benamer and Grosset, 2009; Preux and Druet-Cabanc, 2005)...
INTRODUCTION: Epilepsy is one of the most frequent neurologic disorders; it can be found in any society, across all age groups. The World Health Organization estimates that 50 million people suffer or have suffered epilepsy at any moment of their lives (WHO, 2012). It is a chronic pathology with a high impact both socially and in quality of life terms, but also for the healthcare and economic system. There have been a large number of epidemiologic studies up to now, but the fact is that there are still many controversies surrounding the actual frequency and distribution of epilepsy worldwide (Bell et al., 2014; Begui and Hesdorffer, 2014). Most studies offer data about active epilepsy (AE), being fewer those contributing results about lifetime epilepsy (LTE). With respect to active epilepsy, figures are disparate, ranging from 2,3 cases per 1000 inhabitants in a study conducted in Libya (Sridharan et al., 1986) to 57 per 1000 inhabitants in a small community in Panama (Gracia et al., 1990). On the other hand, results about the prevalence of lifetime epilepsy vary from 2,9 cases per 1000 inhabitants in Rochester in 1940 (Hauser et al., 1991) and 32,1 per 1000 inhabitants in a rural area in Peru (Montano et al., 2005). In spite of these extreme values, most authors consider that the prevalence of active epilepsy can be measured from 5 to 10 per 1000 inhabitants when considering the global population (Sander and Shorvon, 1996). Moreover, the prevalence of epilepsy worldwide and its distribution in relation with economic development levels is still a current issue and a matter of debate. According to several authors, it varies with the development level of a country, tending to be lower in developed countries than in developed ones, and within these underdeveloped countries, higher in rural areas than in urban ones (Banerjee et al., 2009; Jallon, 1997; Ngugi et al., 2010, Sander and Shorvon, 1996). 4-7 per 1000 inhabitants is the estimation in developed countries (Sander and Shorvon, 1996), whereas in developing countries the estimation ranges from 0,9 to 74 per 1000 inhabitants (Benamer and Grosset, 2009; Preux and Druet-Cabanc, 2005)...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Fisiología Humana, leída el 02/02/2016