Publication: Gobernanza multifiduciaria de stakeholders: análisis comparado de la eficiencia de bancos y cajas de ahorro
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2012
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Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales. Escuela de Estudios Cooperativos
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Las cajas de ahorros españolas son posiblemente el caso más significativo a nivel mundial de entidades multistakeholders, no sólo por su misión, sino también en su gobernanza. La Teoría Multifiduciaria de los Stakeholder plantea, al menos de forma teórica lo que en las cajas de ahorros ha sido una realidad por más de un siglo. Así, las cajas se convierten en un “caso de laboratorio” para analizar la viabilidad e idoneidad de una gobernanza participada por el conjunto de stakeholders de la organización. Nuestra hipótesis es que la gobernanza multistakeholder, así como la orientación hacia los stakeholders, generan un planteamiento estratégico diferente, no centrado en los beneficios. Por tanto, la gobernanza multifiduciaria puede perfectamente ser más ineficiente en relación con indicadores económico-financieros referidos a los shareholders de una entidad. Sin embargo, estas entidades deberían ser más eficientes si se tienen en cuenta indicadores relacionados con la generación de valor social. Con el fin de contrastar la eficiencia relativa hemos utilizado la población de bancos y cajas de España y los datos de 2009, utilizando la técnica de Análisis Envolvente de Datos con objeto de comparar la eficiencia económica, social y global de ambos tipos de entidades. Los resultados indican una diferenciación significativa entre estos dos grupos de entidades financieras en relación con la eficiencia social y económica, si bien no ocurre lo mismo cuando se utiliza la eficiencia global –económica más social-. Por lo que podemos concluir que la eficiencia en la gestión entre inputs y outputs en cajas de ahorros y bancos es similar.
Probably, Spanish savings banks are the most significant worldwide multistakeholders entities, not only because of their mission, but also in their governance. The stakeholder multifiduciary theory, establishes at least theoretically what the saving banks has been a reality for more than a century. Then, saving banks become “a laboratory case” to analyze the viability and eligibility of governance that is shared by all stakeholders of the organization. Our hypothesis is that multistakeholder governance as well as stakeholder orientation generates a different strategic approach, not focused on the benefits. Therefore, the multifiduciary governance may perfectly be inefficient in relation to economic and financial indicators relating to the shareholders of an entity. However, these entities should be more efficient if has been taken into account indicators related to the generation of social value. To compare the relative efficiency we have used the population of Spanish traditional and saving banks and the 2009 data, using the technique of Data Envelopment Analysis in order to compare the economic, social and global efficiency of both types of entities. The results indicate a significant differentiation between these two groups of financial institutions in relation to social and economic efficiency, but it is not happen when using the global efficiency –economic plus social-. So, we can conclude that the efficiency in the management between inputs and outputs in banks and savings banks is similar.
Probably, Spanish savings banks are the most significant worldwide multistakeholders entities, not only because of their mission, but also in their governance. The stakeholder multifiduciary theory, establishes at least theoretically what the saving banks has been a reality for more than a century. Then, saving banks become “a laboratory case” to analyze the viability and eligibility of governance that is shared by all stakeholders of the organization. Our hypothesis is that multistakeholder governance as well as stakeholder orientation generates a different strategic approach, not focused on the benefits. Therefore, the multifiduciary governance may perfectly be inefficient in relation to economic and financial indicators relating to the shareholders of an entity. However, these entities should be more efficient if has been taken into account indicators related to the generation of social value. To compare the relative efficiency we have used the population of Spanish traditional and saving banks and the 2009 data, using the technique of Data Envelopment Analysis in order to compare the economic, social and global efficiency of both types of entities. The results indicate a significant differentiation between these two groups of financial institutions in relation to social and economic efficiency, but it is not happen when using the global efficiency –economic plus social-. So, we can conclude that the efficiency in the management between inputs and outputs in banks and savings banks is similar.
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