Publication: Preservación del patrimonio audiovisual de televisión El archivo de Televisión Española (TVE): de los orígenes a la digitalización
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2017-03-27
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
Los archivos audiovisuales de las cadenas de televisión tienen un carácter evidente y eminentemente empresarial, que hace que su objetivo básico sea facilitar la producción y la emisión diarias de estos medios de comunicación. Sin embargo, estos archivos conservan y preservan informaciones y testimonios sobre los acontecimientos importantes de la Historia y la Sociedad Contemporáneas, documentos sobre el siglo XX y los años transcurridos del siglo XXI, que no sólo certifican hechos, sino que “nos los hacen revivir”, convirtiéndose en fuentes básicas para la investigación. En 1980 la UNESCO reconocía los archivos audiovisuales como parte del Patrimonio Cultural de la Humanidad y recomendaba su salvaguarda. Años después, en 2004, la Federación Internacional de Archivos de Televisión (FIAT/IFTA) hizo un llamamiento mundial a favor de la preservación de los archivos de radio y televisión, argumentando que "los archivos de radio y televisión son una expresión de la identidad cultural de las naciones y de la diversidad de las culturas. Dan testimonio de la historia de los últimos sesenta años" y la ONU aprobó en 2005 la celebración del Día Mundial del Patrimonio Audiovisual, que se celebra el 27 de octubre, para concienciar al público sobre la necesidad de tomar medidas urgentes y reconocer la importancia que este tipo de documentos había adquirido. Para estudiar la preservación del patrimonio audiovisual de televisión, hemos tomado como ejemplo El Archivo de Televisión Española (TVE). Se ha intentado reconstruir su historia y el trabajo llevado a cabo por los profesionales que han trabajado a lo largo de todos estos años en la conservación y preservación de estos fondos documentales, desde sus orígenes hasta su digitalización. Desde la primera emisión el 28 de octubre de 1956 hasta la actualidad, a un año vista de cumplirse su 60 Aniversario, este archivo se ha convertido en uno de los principales activos económicos de la Corporación RTVE y en el garante de la salvaguarda de una parte fundamental y significativa del Patrimonio Audiovisual de España y por tanto de "nuestra memoria colectiva", dada su condición de empresa de titularidad pública. Su fondo documental está formado en su mayor parte por la programación emitida y o producida por este medio de comunicación, a la que se han ido sumando a lo largo de los años algunos documentos traspasados por instituciones del Estado, entregados en depósito o cedidos por particulares...
The television networks’ audiovisual archives have an evident and prominently business character, which make their basic aim to facilitate these visual media their daily production and broadcasting. Nevertheless, these archives conserve and preserve information and evidence on significant events in our contemporary history and society, documents on the twentieth and Twenty-first Centuries, that not only certify facts but allows us to relive them, becoming basic sources for researching. In 1980, UNESCO recognized audiovisual archives as part of Cultural Heritage of Humanity, recommending their safeguarding. Some years on, the International Federation of Television Archives (IFTA/FIAT), made a World Appeal for the Preservation of Audiovisual Heritage arguing that “radio and television archives constitute an expression of the cultural identity of nations and of the diversity of cultures. They bear witness to the history of the last sixty years”, and The Organization of the United Nations (UN) approved in 2005 the celebration of the World Day for Audiovisual Heritage, held on 27th October, to raise public awareness of the need of urgent action and to recognize the importance that this kind of documents had acquired. For the studying of television audiovisual heritage preservation, we have taken as example the Televisión Española (TVE) Archive. Attempts have been made to rebuid its history and the work done by the proffesionals who have worked during all these years in conservation and preservation of these documentary collections from their origins to their digitisation. Since the first broadcasting on 28th October 1956 to the present day, and reaching its 60th anniversary, this archive has become one of the main RTVE Corporation economic assets, as well as the guarantor of the safeguard of an essential and prominent part of Spanish Audiovisual Heritage and, therefore, of our collective memory, given its status as public corporation. Its documentary collection is for the most part made up of programming broadcasted and/or produced by this media, and to which have been adding over the years other documents transferred by state institutions, delivered to deposit or ceded by individuals...
The television networks’ audiovisual archives have an evident and prominently business character, which make their basic aim to facilitate these visual media their daily production and broadcasting. Nevertheless, these archives conserve and preserve information and evidence on significant events in our contemporary history and society, documents on the twentieth and Twenty-first Centuries, that not only certify facts but allows us to relive them, becoming basic sources for researching. In 1980, UNESCO recognized audiovisual archives as part of Cultural Heritage of Humanity, recommending their safeguarding. Some years on, the International Federation of Television Archives (IFTA/FIAT), made a World Appeal for the Preservation of Audiovisual Heritage arguing that “radio and television archives constitute an expression of the cultural identity of nations and of the diversity of cultures. They bear witness to the history of the last sixty years”, and The Organization of the United Nations (UN) approved in 2005 the celebration of the World Day for Audiovisual Heritage, held on 27th October, to raise public awareness of the need of urgent action and to recognize the importance that this kind of documents had acquired. For the studying of television audiovisual heritage preservation, we have taken as example the Televisión Española (TVE) Archive. Attempts have been made to rebuid its history and the work done by the proffesionals who have worked during all these years in conservation and preservation of these documentary collections from their origins to their digitisation. Since the first broadcasting on 28th October 1956 to the present day, and reaching its 60th anniversary, this archive has become one of the main RTVE Corporation economic assets, as well as the guarantor of the safeguard of an essential and prominent part of Spanish Audiovisual Heritage and, therefore, of our collective memory, given its status as public corporation. Its documentary collection is for the most part made up of programming broadcasted and/or produced by this media, and to which have been adding over the years other documents transferred by state institutions, delivered to deposit or ceded by individuals...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias de la Información, Departamento de Biblioteconomía y Documentación, leída el 28/01/2016