Publication: Del apagón analógico a la liberación del Dividendo Digital. Análisis del fracaso de la TDT como medio de difusión de televisión de pago en España
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2017-04-05
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
A finales del año 2004, tras la llegada al Gobierno de España de Rodríguez Zapatero y dejando atrás un primer intento fallido de transición a la TDT, se sentaron las bases para relanzar dicho proceso con el claro objetivo de implantar el sistema. El año 2005 sería clave para ello, tomando entre otras medidas y como más significativo de ese carácter prioritario, el avanzar la fecha del apagón final al 3 de abril de 2010, yendo todos los esfuerzos encaminados a cumplir con ese calendario. A partir de ese momento, de una forma muy distinta a la etapa precedente en la que se intentó abordar la transición dando el liderazgo a la plataforma de acceso condicional Quiero TV, que supuso un primer fracaso y el estancamiento del sistema, se estableció la TDT en abierto como piedra angular sobre la que descansaría el proceso. Así, la TDT de pago no sería aprobada hasta el verano de 2009, a escasos 8 meses del apagón definitivo, cuando ya había una parte importante de hogares completamente digitalizados y una población de más de 4,2 millones de habitantes que ya habían efectuado el apagado analógico, lo cual y al mismo tiempo, cerraba una ventana de oportunidad a la distribución de descodificadores adaptados para TDT Premium a toda esa parte de la población. En ese nuevo contexto de relanzamiento y tras la reglamentación de la posibilidad de acceso condicional, debido a los límites y condicionantes inherentes a la propia TDT así como al desarrollo que esta había tenido en España, la denominada TDT Premium nacía constreñida por unos límites que la dejaban en inferioridad de condiciones frente a otros sistemas, con ello, la TDT de pago se situaría en el oxímoron de la novedad obsoleta, donde entre 2009 y 2015 se asistiría al nacimiento y muerte de esa ventana de distribución. Al mismo tiempo, la falta de consenso político y dentro del sector televisivo en su regulación, auguraban ya desde antes de su nacimiento, el corto recorrido que iba a tener el sistema. Si una de las mayores ventajas con las que contaba la TDT Premium era la posibilidad de que con una infraestructura ya creada de distribución, llegaba prácticamente a toda la población española, esa misma ventaja se convertiría en uno de sus principales lastres, pues no siendo el coste de transporte y difusión de la señal uno progresivo en función de la audiencia o número de abonados, este se convertiría en una de las principales losas económicas a hacer frente...
At the end of 2004, after Rodríguez Zapatero’s arrival to Spanish Government, and a first unsuccessful attempt to transition to DTT, the bases to boost the transition process were established, with one clear goal, which was to implement the system. 2005 would be the key year for this transition. Many measures were taken in that year to achieve this goal, but the most meaningful measure was that of setting the definitive blackout date of 3rd April 2010. After that, all efforts were centred on achieving this agenda. From this very moment, and in contrast to the previous stage, during which they approached the transition focussing mainly on the “Quiero TV” conditional access DTT system, which triggered the first failure and standstill of the transition, free DTT was set as the cornerstone of the new system. As a result, pay-tv DTT would not be approved until summer 2009, less than 8 months prior to the Analogue Switch-Off (ASO) date, at a time when a substantial percentage of homes were already digitalized, and more than 4,2 million inhabitants had already implemented an analogue switch-off. This fact closed a window of opportunity for the distribution of decoders adapted to pay DTT to that segment of the population. In this new context of re-launching the transition, and following Government regulations allowing for conditional access, due to the limits and conditions inherent to the DTT system and the development that it had in Spain, pay DTT was born, though restricted by its own limitations, that left it in inferior competitive conditions in relation to other pay TV systems. With these limits, pay DTT was set as a new, but antiquated, system whose lifespan was shorter than 6 years, dissapearing of Spanish DTT in June 2015. At the same time the lack of political consensus, added to the lack of a TV sectorial consensus, predicted from the very beginning the short lifetime that this system would have...
At the end of 2004, after Rodríguez Zapatero’s arrival to Spanish Government, and a first unsuccessful attempt to transition to DTT, the bases to boost the transition process were established, with one clear goal, which was to implement the system. 2005 would be the key year for this transition. Many measures were taken in that year to achieve this goal, but the most meaningful measure was that of setting the definitive blackout date of 3rd April 2010. After that, all efforts were centred on achieving this agenda. From this very moment, and in contrast to the previous stage, during which they approached the transition focussing mainly on the “Quiero TV” conditional access DTT system, which triggered the first failure and standstill of the transition, free DTT was set as the cornerstone of the new system. As a result, pay-tv DTT would not be approved until summer 2009, less than 8 months prior to the Analogue Switch-Off (ASO) date, at a time when a substantial percentage of homes were already digitalized, and more than 4,2 million inhabitants had already implemented an analogue switch-off. This fact closed a window of opportunity for the distribution of decoders adapted to pay DTT to that segment of the population. In this new context of re-launching the transition, and following Government regulations allowing for conditional access, due to the limits and conditions inherent to the DTT system and the development that it had in Spain, pay DTT was born, though restricted by its own limitations, that left it in inferior competitive conditions in relation to other pay TV systems. With these limits, pay DTT was set as a new, but antiquated, system whose lifespan was shorter than 6 years, dissapearing of Spanish DTT in June 2015. At the same time the lack of political consensus, added to the lack of a TV sectorial consensus, predicted from the very beginning the short lifetime that this system would have...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias de la Información, Departamento de Comunicación Audiovisual y Publicidad II, leída el 04/12/2015