Publication: Cine, niños y educación. El niño como espectador cinematográfico
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2017-04-18
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Pérez García, Álvaro
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
El arte cinematográfico, a lo largo de sus más de cien años de historia ha creado a través de sus obras modelos de representación de la realidad con los que los espectadores se identifican fuertemente. Entre estos modelos, la representación del niño constituye un caso particular y un campo muy fecundo para esa producción de modelos de representación. Desde una mirada autoral o desde el cine más comercial, los niños han sido representados en la pantalla continuamente, muchas veces respondiendo a los estereotipos sociales y otras, las más escasas, creando verdaderos modelos psicológicos profundos del personaje infantil. Asimismo, la potencialidad del cine para educar es indiscutible y, gran cantidad de los relatos cinematográficos protagonizados por niños poseen el poder de transmitir valores morales universales. El presente estudio pretende desentrañar cómo el cine crea estos modelos de representación del niño y cómo el espectador y, más concretamente, los niños, se ven representados en la pantalla. Otro de los objetivos prioritarios de esta tesis, es demostrar la utilidad de determinados films a la hora de transmitir valores positivos a los espectadores que se identifican con ellos. Para ello, se ha investigado sobre las relaciones que el cine establece con la educación, tanto a nivel formal como informal. El análisis cinematográfico ha servido de excelente metodología para desentrañar la forma en la que los films construyen sus modelos de representación de la imagen del niño. Las películas analizadas en esta investigación tienen, todas ellas, la característica común de representar una visión personal de la infancia, alejada de manidos estereotipos y juicios preconcebidos sobre los niños. Cuando se es adulto, es imposible ya mirar como un niño, no solo una película, sino la vida en general. Esta tesis pretende acercar a la forma de ver un film que tiene un niño, descubrir cómo se ve representado en la pantalla. El proceso de identificación cinematográfica resulta entonces capital para investigar si es posible que un film influya emocionalmente al espectador. Y, con respecto a las identificaciones, la que más interesa a esta investigación, es la identificación con los personajes del relato, con los protagonistas, que en la mayoría de los films analizados, resultan ser niños...
The film art, throughout his more than a hundred years of history, has created representation models of reality through his works with which viewers identify strongly. Between these models, representation of the child is a special case and a very fertile field for that production of representation models. From the perspective of authorial gaze or from commercial cinema, children have been continually represented on the screen , often responding to social stereotypes and others, the rarest, creating real deep psychological models of children's character. Also, the potential of film to educate is indisputable and lots of film stories featuring children have the power to convey universal moral values. This study aims to unravel how film creates these representation models of the child and how the viewer and more particularly children, are represented on the screen. Another of the main objectives of this thesis is to demonstrate the usefulness of certain films when transmitting positive values that viewers identify with them. To this end, it has researched the relationship that cinema established with education, both formal and informal. The film analysis has provided excellent methodology to unravel the way in which films build their representation models of the image of the child. The films are analyzed in this research, all of them represent the common characteristic of a personal vision of childhood, far from hackneyed stereotypes and preconceived judgments about children. When you're an adult, it is impossible look like a child, not just a movie, but life in general. This thesis aims to bring the way you see a film that has a child, find out how is represented on the screen. The film identification process then is capital to investigate whether it is possible for a film to influence the viewer emotionally. And, with regard to identification, the most interest to this research is the identification with the characters of the story, with protagonists in most of the films analyzed, turn out to be children...
The film art, throughout his more than a hundred years of history, has created representation models of reality through his works with which viewers identify strongly. Between these models, representation of the child is a special case and a very fertile field for that production of representation models. From the perspective of authorial gaze or from commercial cinema, children have been continually represented on the screen , often responding to social stereotypes and others, the rarest, creating real deep psychological models of children's character. Also, the potential of film to educate is indisputable and lots of film stories featuring children have the power to convey universal moral values. This study aims to unravel how film creates these representation models of the child and how the viewer and more particularly children, are represented on the screen. Another of the main objectives of this thesis is to demonstrate the usefulness of certain films when transmitting positive values that viewers identify with them. To this end, it has researched the relationship that cinema established with education, both formal and informal. The film analysis has provided excellent methodology to unravel the way in which films build their representation models of the image of the child. The films are analyzed in this research, all of them represent the common characteristic of a personal vision of childhood, far from hackneyed stereotypes and preconceived judgments about children. When you're an adult, it is impossible look like a child, not just a movie, but life in general. This thesis aims to bring the way you see a film that has a child, find out how is represented on the screen. The film identification process then is capital to investigate whether it is possible for a film to influence the viewer emotionally. And, with regard to identification, the most interest to this research is the identification with the characters of the story, with protagonists in most of the films analyzed, turn out to be children...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias de la Información, Departamento de Comunicación Audiovisual y Publicidad II, leída el 12/01/2016