Publication: La romanización de los pueblos de la Meseta oriental: arqueología y fuentes escritas
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2017-05-03
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
El objetivo de esta Tesis doctoral ha sido el estudio de la romanización de celtíberos y carpetanos y las consecuencias que ello tuvo desde el punto de vista político, social, económico e ideológico. El marco cronológico que abarca el trabajo se extiende desde finales del siglo III a. C hasta finales del I a. C., es decir, desde la II Guerra Púnica hasta el inicio del mandato de Augusto. La presencia púnica en la Meseta constituyó un hito histórico porque fue la primera confrontación entre las potencias mediterráneas y los pueblos que habitaban el interior peninsular. Por su parte, en la segunda mitad del siglo I a. C. es el momento en que se puede constatar la disolución del “sistema de los oppida”, aunque siguió habiendo pervivencias del sistema cultural indígena durante mucho tiempo. El marco territorial que abarca el trabajo se ha restringido a la provincia de Guadalajara no solo por la abundancia de documentación recopilada, sino también por ser un área limítrofe entre Celtiberia y Carpetania que permite observar bien los diferentes modos de adaptación de sus habitantes a la nueva situación. Los territorios de esta moderna demarcación administrativa no conservan llamativos vestigios arqueológicos ni epigráficos que atrajesen a los investigadores ha contribuido a que se le prestase menor atención y, en consecuencia, fuera menos conocidos. El proceso cultural estudiado y las fechas en que se desarrolló lo sitúan entre la Protohistoria y la Historia Antigua y por ello creímos necesario el empleo de diferentes fuentes de información: arqueología, textos clásicos, epigrafía, numismática y archivos históricos, aunándolas desde una perspectiva interdisciplinar. Es precisamente esta visión multidisciplinar la que aporta mayor novedad y coherencia a esta investigación. La tradición académica de nuestro país ha mostrado una rígida línea divisoria entre los estudios de la Antigüedad clásica y los de Prehistoria-Arqueología y, a sí mismo, la tradicional falta de interdisciplinariedad en estudios y proyectos científicos ha llevado muchas veces a abordar un mismo tema desde diferentes ópticas in que se unificasen ni comparasen los resultados. La aproximación al proceso cultural analizado es compleja porque lo hemos acometido desde la doble vertiente de los pueblos que habitaban estas tierras meseteñas, celtíberos y carpetanos, y de la potencia invasora que llegó hasta ellos. Y este encuentro no fue uniforme sino que, según las circunstancias, varió desde el enfrentamiento directo a la connivencia...
The objective of this PhD thesis has been the study of Romanization of celtiberi and carpetani and the consequences it had for the political, social, economic and ideological camps. The time frame study of this research ranges from the late third century BC until the end of I BC, since the Second Punic War to the start of the reign of Augustus. The Punic presence in the Inner Plateau was important because it was the first confrontation between the Mediterranean powers and peoples who inhabited the Peninsula center. Meanwhile, in the second half of the first century BC is the time that can be seen the dissolution of the “system of oppida” although there continued survivals of indigenous cultural system for a long time. The geographical área of this study has been restricted to the province of Guadalajara not only by the abundance of collected data, but also because it was a border area between Celtiberia and Carpetania and we can observe different ways of adapting to the new situation. These area are not preserved epigraphic and archaeological remains striking that would attract researchers and this has contributed to lend him less attention. The cultural process studied and the dates in which it took place, sits between Protohistory and Ancient History which is why we considered it necessary to employ different sources of information (archaeology, classical sources, epigraphy, numismatics and historical archives) grouping them with an interdisciplinary view. It is precisely the use of a multidisciplinary view what gives a higher overall coherence to this study. In our countrie’s academic tradition there is a rigid divisor line between Ancient History and Prehistory-Archaeology studies. The lack of interdisciplinary scientific projects and studies led to the same subject being studied from different perspectives without there a global approach. The studies of the Romanization process of Hispania reveal the existence of a theoretical and methodological dichotomy which has meant that during a long time the studies have been based on classical sources and epigraphy. These studies have interesting results but from our perspective they offer a unilateral view of the process since all aspects are contemplated from the Conquerors point of view, which imposed on the indigenous communities their own culture. Since we have very little epigraphic documents of these peoples, we must employ archaeological data to approach them and confirm that those societies had their own historical process...
The objective of this PhD thesis has been the study of Romanization of celtiberi and carpetani and the consequences it had for the political, social, economic and ideological camps. The time frame study of this research ranges from the late third century BC until the end of I BC, since the Second Punic War to the start of the reign of Augustus. The Punic presence in the Inner Plateau was important because it was the first confrontation between the Mediterranean powers and peoples who inhabited the Peninsula center. Meanwhile, in the second half of the first century BC is the time that can be seen the dissolution of the “system of oppida” although there continued survivals of indigenous cultural system for a long time. The geographical área of this study has been restricted to the province of Guadalajara not only by the abundance of collected data, but also because it was a border area between Celtiberia and Carpetania and we can observe different ways of adapting to the new situation. These area are not preserved epigraphic and archaeological remains striking that would attract researchers and this has contributed to lend him less attention. The cultural process studied and the dates in which it took place, sits between Protohistory and Ancient History which is why we considered it necessary to employ different sources of information (archaeology, classical sources, epigraphy, numismatics and historical archives) grouping them with an interdisciplinary view. It is precisely the use of a multidisciplinary view what gives a higher overall coherence to this study. In our countrie’s academic tradition there is a rigid divisor line between Ancient History and Prehistory-Archaeology studies. The lack of interdisciplinary scientific projects and studies led to the same subject being studied from different perspectives without there a global approach. The studies of the Romanization process of Hispania reveal the existence of a theoretical and methodological dichotomy which has meant that during a long time the studies have been based on classical sources and epigraphy. These studies have interesting results but from our perspective they offer a unilateral view of the process since all aspects are contemplated from the Conquerors point of view, which imposed on the indigenous communities their own culture. Since we have very little epigraphic documents of these peoples, we must employ archaeological data to approach them and confirm that those societies had their own historical process...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Geografía e Historia, leída el 03-12-2015